Table 2. Mean and s.e.m. of age and biochemical indices for patient groups.

		Pancreatic cancer		Disease controls		P-value
Values	Set	Mean	s.e.m. or range	Mean	s.e.m. or range	PC vs DC
Age (years)	Training	70.9	(28–80)	62.7	(32–81)	NS
	Validation-2	69.7	(32–81)	57.1	(18–89)	NS
Urea (mmol l–1)	Training	5.9	0.5	5.1	0.4	NS
	Validation-2	5.8	0.4	5.6	0.6	NS
Bilirubin (μmol l–1)	Training	144	33	18	3	0.001
	Validation-2	88	20	49	21	0.01
Albumin (g l–1)	Training	35.1	1.2	41.1	0.8	0.001
	Validation-2	35.5	1.1	39.4	1.1	0.017
AST (IU l–1)a	Training	111	19	50	10	0.001
	Validation-2	98	19	53	9	0.049
ALT (IU l–1)a	Training	154	28	76	21	0.005
	Validation-2	143	32	94	26	NS
ALP (IU l–1)a	Training	362	60	101	14	0.001
	Validation-2	316	45	172	23	0.007
GGT (IU l–1)a	Training	489	102	130	43	0.001
	Validation-2	561	111	208	49	0.006
CA19-9 (U l–1)a	Training	1594	960	32	7	0.001
	Validation-2	1466	922	31	9	0.001

Abbreviations: ALP= alkaline phosphatase; AST= glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; ALT= glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; CA19-9= carbohydrate antibody 19-9; DC= disease control; GGT= γ-glutamyltransferase; NS= not significant; PC= pancreatic cancer.

^aResults are for serum values.

P-value indicates Mann–Whitney U-test result.