Figure 1.

Examples of inherent and induced SAC of territory size at different spatial scales. Inherent SAC results solely from interindividual interactions and space partitioning without any influence of the habitat (A). The corresponding correlogram (C) shows positive and significant^* SAC only at the scale of the nearest neighbors. Induced SAC appears as a result of the negative correlation between territory size and habitat quality (B). The corresponding correlogram (D) shows significant^* SAC at all spatial scales. In both scenarios, the same number of territories (bivariate normal kernels) were generated; for simulation procedures see Valcu and Kempenaers 2010). The correlograms show Moran's I coefficient ± standard deviation at 6 distance classes (distance 1 refers to closest neighbors; distance 2 refers to second-order neighbors, and so on). Moran's I coefficient is comparable with a Pearson's correlation coefficient; it takes values between 0 and 1 in the case of positive SAC and between −1 and 0 in the case of negative SAC (Fortin and Dale 2005). The horizontal line is the expected value of Moran's I under the null hypothesis of no autocorrelation. (^*after Bonferroni correction).