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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of a) cryptomelane-phase manganese oxide template, and b) resultant polyaniline nanotubes. The inset of (b) is a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the polyaniline nanotubes. c) Schematic illustration of the formation mechanism of the polyaniline nanotubes. The scale bar is 1 μm. Reproduced with permission from Wiley-VCH Verlag [27].
