Table 1.

Role of PLA₂ in CNS pathologies

CNS pathology	Role of PLA2
Alzheimer Disease	Upregulation of PLA2, increased lipid peroxidation (6, 50, 54). sPLA2 IIA expression increased in AD brains (23). Aβ induced mitochondrial dysfunction through iPLA2 and cPLA2. Aβ induced cPLA2 phosphorylation via NADPH oxidase and ROS production (15, 16).
Parkinson’s Diseases	cPLA2 knock out mice showed protection against MPTP toxicity (6).
Multiple Sclerosis-Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (MS-EAE)	cPLA2 is highly expressed in EAE (6). cPLA2-deficient mice are resistant to EAE (26). sPLA2 activity increased and inhibition by CHEC-9 blocks inflammation (28).
Wallerian degeneration	PLA2 plays an important role in myelin breakdown and phagocytosis. PLA2 expressed during the early stage of Wallerian degeneration hydrolyzes PC in myelin to LPC and ArAc (51). LPC can aggravate the inflammatory responses that can further up-regulate cPLA2 in a positive feedback manner.
Transient focal cerebral ischemia (Stroke)	Activation of PLA2 and increased sPLA2 expression (5, 13, 14). cPLA2 knock out mice showed protection (5 and references cited therein). CDP-choline attenuated sPLA2 (13). PLA2 inhibitor quinacrine reduced the infarction size (6).
Spinal Cord Injury	cPLA2 expression, PLA2 activity were increased (22); Mepacrine reduced PLA2-induced neuronal death. The studies did not directly assess the role of endogenous PLA2 in neuronal injury after SCI. Major part of the studies conducted injecting PLA2 or mellitin to spinal cord of normal rats and showed increases in TNF-α, IL-1β and HNE.