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Rac GTPases have a variety of roles. (a) Recent advances have shed new light on the upstream control of GTPases via adhesion receptors (integrins and syndecans), and on the pathways that localize active Rac to the membrane via vesicle trafficking. These are illustrated in a migrating fibroblast. (b) In adherent epithelial cells, signaling via Rac GTPases impacts on the localization of beta-catenin from the cell-cell junctions to the nucleus.
