Table 4.

Social Network and Other Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Mediterranean and Non-Mediterranean Countries by Gender: OLS Regressions (beta coefficients)

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Men
N	3,725	3,710	3,695
Education	−.078***	−.054***	−.028
IADL	.156***	.120***	.114***
Number of chronic illnesses	.054**	.054**	.054**
Number of physical symptoms	.357***	.309***	.308***
Number of children in household		.041**	.054
Frequency of contact with child		−.038*	−.025
Gave help within the household		.059***	.104*
Got help within the household		.052**	−.056
Got help outside the household		.070***	.073
Work		−.037*	−.028
Loneliness		.230***	.147***
Interactions: by Mediterranean
Got help within the household			.111*
Loneliness			.098*
R2	.238	.306	.315
ΔR2	—	.068	.009
F	145.154***	71.071***	44.652***
Women
N	4,420	4,405	4,390
Age	−.018	−.040**	−.028
Education	−.130***	−.082***	−.047**
Income	−.004	.024	.034*
ADL	.087***	.073***	.076***
IADL	.099***	.064***	.049**
Number of chronic illnesses	.052**	.043**	.038*
Number of physical symptoms	.362***	.311***	.311***
Number of children in household		.032*	.039
Frequency of contact with child		−.013	−.097*
Gave help within the household		.044***	−.016
Got help within the household		.038**	−.008
Got money		.014	−.084*
Work		.004	.024
Number of activities		−.061**	.033
Loneliness		.295***	.247***
Interactions: by Mediterranean
Frequency of contact with child			.114*
Got money			.098*
R2	.267	.352	.365
ΔR2	—	.086	.012
F	200.751***	104.095***	66.297***

Notes: ADL = basic activities of daily living; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living; OLS = ordinary least squares.

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.