Table 5.

Social Network and Other Predictors of Perceived Income Inadequacy in Mediterranean and Non-Mediterranean Countries by Gender: OLS Regressions (beta coefficients)

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Men
N	3,730	3,715	3,700
Age	−.084***	−.101***	−.101***
Education	−.277***	−.223***	−.149***
Income	−.185***	−.157***	−.116***
Wealth	−.057***	−.048*	−.057***
IADL	.058**	.032	.023
Number of physical symptoms	.112***	.087***	.089***
Spouse or partner		−.007	−.147**
Number of children		.052*	.028
Number of children in household		.093***	.093
Gave help within the household		.063***	.012
Gave money		−.122***	−.026
Got money		.045**	−.060
Work		−.031*	−.087*
Number of activities		−.067**	.074
Frequency of activity		.001	−.143*
Loneliness		.082***	.028
Interactions: by Mediterranean
Spouse or partner			.160***
Gave money			−.121**
Got money			.092*
Frequency of activity			.157*
R2	.165	.215	.273
ΔR2	—	.050	.058
F	92.236***	44.311***	36.304***
Women
N	4,447	4,432	4,417
Age	−.145***	−.184***	−.163***
Education	−.270***	−.204***	−.134***
Income	−.165***	−.122***	−.095***
Wealth	−.073***	−.067***	−.077***
IADL	.042*	.010	−.012
Number of physical symptoms	.117***	.095***	.093***
Spouse or partner		−.090***	−.314***
Number of grandchildren		.005	−.117*
Number of children in household		.090***	.067
Frequency of contact with child		.034*	−.076
Gave help within the household		.039**	.005
Gave money		−.098***	−.158***
Got money		.088***	.006
Work		−.037***	−.040
Number of activities		−.061**	.048
Loneliness		.114***	.061
Interactions: by Mediterranean
Spouse or partner			.236***
Frequency of contact with child			.136*
R2	.163	.218	.261
ΔR2	—	.055	.043
F	108.623***	53.828***	40.066***

Notes: IADL = instrumental activities of daily living; OLS = ordinary least squares.

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.