Table 3.

Adjusted Odds Ratios From Multiple Multinomial Logistic Regression of Medium (≥0.5 SD) and Large (≥1.0 SD) 5-Year Improvements and Decrements on the Internal Locus of Control Scale (N = 1,534)

Risk factor	Medium decrement	No change	Medium improvement
Treatment group
Memory	0.98	1.00	1.37
Reasoning	1.10	1.00	1.76**
Speed of processing	1.07	1.00	1.68*
Baseline internal locus  of control score	1.01	1.00	0.76***

Risk factor	Large decrement	No change	Large improvement
Treatment group
Memory	0.99	1.00	1.49
Reasoning	1.13	1.00	1.56†
Speed of processing	1.17	1.00	1.62†
Baseline internal locus  of control score	1.08***	1.00	0.75***

Notes: Improvements in personal control reflect higher 5-year minus baseline numerical scores on the internal locus of control scale.

Chi-square for the medium-sized changes = 320.6 at 8 df, p < .001.

Chi-square for the medium-sized changes = 270.0 at 8 df, p < .001.

†p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.