Table 4.

Adjusted Odds Ratios From Multiple Multinomial Logistic Regression of Medium (≥0.5 SD) and Large (≥1.0 SD) 5-Year Improvements and Decrements on the Chance Locus of Control Scale (N = 1,534)

Risk factor	Medium decrement	No change	Medium improvement
Treatment group
Memory	0.84	1.00	1.17
Reasoning	1.06	1.00	1.20
Speed of processing	0.87	1.00	1.15
Baseline chance locus of control score	0.94***	1.00	1.11***

Risk factor	Large decrement	No change	Large improvement
Treatment group
Memory	0.60*	1.00	0.99
Reasoning	0.83	1.00	0.97
Speed of processing	0.70†	1.00	1.18
Baseline chance locus  of control score	0.90***	1.00	1.15***

Notes: Improvements in personal control reflect lower 5-year minus baseline numerical scores on the chance locus of control scale.

Chi-square for the medium-sized changes = 221.1 at 8 df, p < .001.

Chi-square for the medium-sized changes = 179.6 at 8 df, p < .001.

†p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.