TABLE 4.

Multivariate Association Between Participants' Exposure to Frequent Poverty and Anxiety and Depression at Age 14 Years or 21 Years: Mater Hospital–University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, Brisbane, Australia, 1981–1984

		Model 1, OR (95% CI)			Model 2, OR (95% CI)			Model 3, OR (95% CI)			Model 4, OR (95% CI)
No. of Times in Povertya	No.	At Neither Age	At Either Age	At Both Ages	At Neither Age (Ref)	At Either Age	At Both Ages	At Neither Age (Ref)	At Either Age	At Both Ages	At Neither Age (Ref)	At Either Age	At Both Ages
0 (Ref)	1321	74.6	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
1	647	72.3	1.1 (0.9, 1.4)	1.3 (0.9, 2.0)	1.0	1.0 (0.9, 1.4)	1.3 (0.8, 2.0)	1.0	1.1 (0.8, 1.3)	1.2 (0.7, 1.8)	1.0	1.1 (0.8, 1.4)	1.1 (0.7, 1.8)
2	369	67.8	1.3 (1.0, 1.7)	1.9 (1.2, 1.7)	1.0	1.3 (1.0, 1.7)	1.8 (1.1, 2.9)	1.0	1.3 (1.0, 1.7)	1.7 (1.0, 2.7)	1.0	1.3 (1.0, 1.7)	1.7 (1.0, 2.8)
3–4	272	61.4	1.6 (1.2, 2.1)	3.2 (2.0, 5.1)	1.0	1.5 (1.1, 2.1)	2.8 (1.7, 4.5)	1.0	1.5 (1.1, 2.1)	2.6 (1.5, 4.3)	1.0	1.5 (1.1, 2.1)	2.6 (1.5, 4.3)

Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. Anxiety and depression as reported in the Youth Self-Report (age 14 years) questionnaire and Young Adult Self-Report (age 21 years) questionnaire. Total number of participants was 2609. Model 1 is unadjusted; model 2 is adjusted for poverty at other phases; model 3 is adjusted for model 2 plus maternal anxiety and depression at first clinic visit; model 4 is adjusted for model 3 plus income at 21-year follow-up.

^aNumber of times at follow-up that the respondent reported living in poverty.