TABLE 1.

Covariates Used for Each Risk Factor Regression Model for Estimating the Impact of Common Social and Behavioral Risk Factors on US Population Health: 1997–2000 National Health Interview Survey Followed Through 2002

Risk Factor Model	Covariates
< 12 years schooling	Base, race/ethnicity
< 200% of federal poverty line	Base, race/ethnicity
< 200% of federal poverty linea	Base, race/ethnicity, education
Non-Hispanic Black	Base
Non-Hispanic Blackb	Base, income, education
No health insurance	Base, race/ethnicity, income, education
Smoking	Base, race/ethnicity, income, education
Obesityc	Base, race/ethnicity, income, education, smoking status
Overweight	Base, race/ethnicity, income, education, smoking status
Binge drinkingd	Base, race/ethnicity, income, education, smoking status

Notes. Base covariates were age, log age, region, survey year. Race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian. Income categories were < 100%, 100% to 124%, 125% to 199%, 200% to 399%, ≥ 400% of federal poverty line. Education categories were < 12 years, 12 years, 13 to 15 years, 16 years, > 16 years schooling completed.

^aPer 2000 Census definitions obtained via the MEPS. The poverty analysis was conducted twice, once with and once without education included as a covariate to isolate the effects of adult income programs and childhood intervention programs.

^bThe race analysis was conducted twice, once with and once without income and education added as covariates to isolate the burden of disease associated with childhood intervention programs and anti–racial discrimination programs, respectively.

^cDefined by body mass index (BMI; weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared). Obesity indicated by BMI ≥ 30 kg/m².

^dDefined as more than 5 or more drinks per day at least 1 day per year.