TABLE 2.
Log-Odds Estimates From Random Intercept Logit Models Predicting Smoking or Drinking and Educational Aspirations Among Non-Hispanic Black and White Female Students, Regressed on Within-School Segregation: Wave 1, National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, 1994–1995
| Smoking or Drinkinga (n = 3579) |
Educational Aspirationsb (n = 3579) |
|||
| Model 1, b (SE) | Model 2, b (SE) | Model 1, b (SE) | Model 2, b (SE) | |
| Intercept | 0.09 (0.14) | −0.11 (0.15) | 2.04*** (0.21) | 2.07*** (0.23) |
| Individual-level variables | ||||
| Age,c y | 0.21*** (0.03) | 0.22*** (0.03) | −0.10*** (0.04) | −0.10* (0.04) |
| Race | ||||
| White (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black | −0.68*** (0.16) | −0.69*** (0.16) | 0.61* (0.24) | 0.65** (0.24) |
| Family structure | ||||
| Nuclear (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Stepfamily | 0.58*** (0.14) | 0.58*** (0.14) | −0.37 (0.19) | −0.34 (0.19) |
| Female headed | 0.42*** (0.10) | 0.40*** (0.10) | −0.28 (0.16) | −0.26 (0.16) |
| Other | 0.47*** (0.09) | 0.47*** (0.09) | −0.51*** (0.13) | −0.48*** (0.13) |
| Family SES | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.61*** (0.08) | 0.56*** (0.08) |
| School-level variables | ||||
| Within-school segregationd | ||||
| Low (≤ 9.95; Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium (9.96–29.10) | 0.12 (0.16) | 0.08 (0.15) | 0.11 (0.24) | 0.14 (0.22) |
| High (> 29.10) | 0.31 (0.17) | 0.28 (0.16) | 0.11 (0.26) | 0.11 (0.23) |
| School SES | 0.02 (0.11) | 0.34* (0.17) | ||
| White students,c % | 0.003 (0.002) | 0.001 (0.003) | ||
| School size | ||||
| Small (1–400 students) | 0.04 (0.24) | 0.32 (0.44) | ||
| Medium (401–1000 students) | 0.15 (0.11) | −0.33* (0.16) | ||
| Large (1001–4000 students; Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Region | ||||
| West | 0.35* (0.15) | −0.35 (0.21) | ||
| Midwest | 0.37** (0.12) | −0.03 (0.18) | ||
| Northeast | 0.27* (0.14) | −0.06 (0.21) | ||
| South (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| School communitye | ||||
| Rural | −0.08 (0.16) | 0.07 (0.25) | ||
| Urban–suburban (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| School type | ||||
| Public (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Private | −0.28 (0.27) | 0.69 (0.49) | ||
| Cross-level interactions | ||||
| Black x medium segregation | −0.24 (0.20) | −0.16 (0.19) | −0.30 (0.29) | −0.29 (0.28) |
| Black x high segregation | −0.72** (0.23) | −0.59** (0.23) | 0.07 (0.34) | 0.04 (0.34) |
| ρ | 0.02* | 0.006* | 0.05* | 0.02* |
| Log likelihood | −2291.7 | −2282.8 | −1348.6 | −1334.7 |
Note. SES = socioeconomic status.
Unconditional model: ρ = 0.05; log likelihood = −2406.
Unconditional model: ρ = 0.11; log likelihood = −1407.
Age was centered at 16, percentage of White students at 57%.
Within-school segregation calculated with the dissimilarity index, a measure of the unevenness in the distribution of Black and White students across levels of the English curriculum. The index ranged from 0.96 to 100, with a mean dissimilarity index of 23; the ranges shown correspond to 3 dummy variables.
Urban–suburban included consolidated metropolitan statistical areas or metropolitan statistical areas with 2500 or more residents; rural included all others.
*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001.