Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and distribution of internalising (emotional) and externalising (behavioural) problems; ALSPAC
| N | Internalising | Externalising | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Prevalence (%) | Mean (SD) | Prevalence (%) | ||
| Total (complete cases) | 4,041 | 1.36 (1.66) | 19.8 | 1.21 (1.40) | 15.3 |
| Mother’s educational level | |||||
| Low (CSE or no education) | 311 | 1.52 (1.92) | 22.8 | 1.33 (1.50) | 18.1 |
| Middle (vocational or O level) | 1,735 | 1.43 (1.69) | 21.0 | 1.27 (1.45) | 16.9 |
| High (A level or degree) | 1,995 | 1.27 (1.59) | 18.3 | 1.13 (1.34) | 13.4 |
| Household income | |||||
| Lowest | 1,528 | 1.48 (1.79) | 21.4 | 1.35 (1.53) | 17.9 |
| Middle | 1,342 | 1.32 (1.65) | 19.7 | 1.12 (1.29) | 14.4 |
| Highest | 1,171 | 1.25 (1.49) | 17.8 | 1.11 (1.33) | 13.0 |
| Cognitive ability (IQ) | |||||
| Lowest tertile | 1,338 | 1.56 (1.76) | 23.2 | 1.40 (1.54) | 19.3 |
| Middle tertile | 1,356 | 1.38 (1.68) | 21.0 | 1.22 (1.40) | 15.9 |
| Highest tertile | 1,347 | 1.14 (1.51) | 15.2 | 1.00 (1.22) | 10.7 |
| Maternal depression (EPDS) | |||||
| Lowest tertile | 1,468 | 1.09 (1.48) | 14.9 | 0.98 (1.23) | 10.8 |
| Middle | 1,256 | 1.29 (1.54) | 18.1 | 1.14 (1.33) | 13.9 |
| Highest tertile | 1,317 | 1.73 (1.89) | 27.0 | 1.52 (1.59) | 21.6 |