Figure 2.

XY mice showed more rapid habit formation to alcohol, regardless of gonadal phenotype. a, After moderate training, XY mice were insensitive to alcohol devaluation, indicating habitual responding. XX mice remained goal-directed. *XXM and XXF devalued mice make fewer active nosepokes than valued mice after devaluation. p < 0.05. b, Devalued mice consumed less of the alcohol reinforcer in a 30 min consumption test. Gonadal females consumed more alcohol than gonadal males in this ad libitum context. p < 0.05. Error bars represent SEM. Post hoc analyses conducted with Tukey's HSD. Valued: XYM n = 8, XYF n = 6, XXM n = 8, XXF n = 7. Devalued XYM n = 8, XYF n = 6, XXM n = 6, XXF n = 6.