Table 1.

Examples of regulation of Eph receptor expression in cancer cells

Mechanism	Eph/ephrin	Change	Cell type/Cancer type	Ref.
Frequent chromosomal abnormalities that may lead to altered Eph/ephrin expression a
1p36 loss	EPHA2 EPHA8, EPHB2	down	various cancers	48, 49, 69, 187–190b
1q21-q22 gain	EPHRIN-A1, -A3, -A4	up	various cancers	b
2q36.1 loss	EPHA4	down	cervical cancer	191
3p11.2 loss	EPHA3	down	lung and various other cancers	187 b
3q21-qter gain	EPHB3	up	early stage squamous cell lung carcinoma	50
5q21 loss	EPHRIN-A5	down	myeloid cancers, prostate cancer	187, 192c
6q16.1 loss	EPHA7	down	various cancers	187, 192c
7q22 loss	EPHB4	down	myeloid cancers, colon cancer	187 c
7q22 gain	EPHB4	up	various tumors and cancer cell lines	187, 193, 194
7q33-35 loss	EPHB6, EPHA1	down	myeloid cancers	187
7q33-35 gain	EPHB6, EPHA1	up	neuroblastoma, glioblastoma	187
13q33 loss	EPHRIN-B2	down	multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, head and neck cancer	187b,c
17p13.1-p11.2 loss	EPHRIN-B3	down	various cancers	b,c
19p13.3 loss	EPHRIN-A2	down	various cancers	195 c
Promoter hypermethylation
	EPHA1	down	advanced colorectal cancer	39
	EPHA3	down	leukemias, hematopoietic tumor cells	196
	EPHA7	down	prostate, gastric, colorectal cancer	197 – 199
	soluble EPHA7 ectodomain	down	B-cell lymphomas	200
	EPHB2	down	colorectal cancer	40, 189, 201
	EPHB4	down	colorectal cancer	41
	EPHB6	down	MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells	202
mRNA stability
nonsense-mediated mRNA decay	EPHB2	down	prostate cancer	49
binding sites for RNA binding protein HuR in 3' UTR	EPHA2, EPHA4, EPHRIN-A2	down	HeLa cervical cancer and U373MG glioma cells	51
microRNA-210	EPHRIN-A3	down	endothelial cells	62, 203
Transcription
Ras-MAP kinase (MEK1)	EPHA2	up	breast cancer cells, activated B-Raf-transfected fibroblasts	46, 179
p53	EPHA2, EPHB4, EPHRIN-A1	up	various p53-transfected cell lines	204 – 206
Twist	EPHA4, EPHRIN-A4	up	developing skull, Sézary's lymphoma?	207, 208
c-REL	EPHB2	down	SW620 colon cancer cells	45
Wnt/β-catenin/TCF	EPHB2, EPHB3, EPHB4	up	early colorectal cancer	23, 209
Wnt/β-catenin/p300/TCF	EPHB2	up	early colorectal cancer	37
Wnt/β-catenin/CBP/TCF	EPHB4	up	advanced colorectal cancer	37
estrogen	EPHB4, EPHRIN-B2	up	mouse mammary epithelium	210
Ras/MAP kinase	EPHRIN-A1	down	MCF10A mammary epithelial cells	46
Wnt/β-catenin/TCF	EPHRIN-B	down	Ls174T colon cancer cells	209

^aChromosomal locations from the NCBI Human Genome Resources (www.ncbi.nih.gov/projects/genome/guide/human)

^bCancer GeneticsWeb (www.cancer-genetics.org)

^cAtlas of genetics and cytogenetics in oncology and haematology (http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/index.html).