Figure 1. Fly survival in the presence/absence of Spiroplasma infection and in the presence/absence of wasp attack.

Untransformed mean (±SE) survival of Spiroplasma-infected and Spiroplasma-free flies in the presence and absence of wasps. A. Pupa-to-adult fly survival (no. of emerging adult flies/number of pupal cases). B. Larva-to-pupa fly survival (no. of pupal cases/number of initial fly larvae). P-values are indicated for comparisons that were significantly different (ns =  not significant). Numbers within or above bars indicate number of replicates (vials) per treatment.