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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Aug 14.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010 Jan 10;17(2):222–229. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.1744

Figure 7.

Figure 7

A model for foreign DNA restriction. Foreign DNA enters the cell by escaping from an endosomal or phagosomal compartment, by infection, or by other means. TLR-dependent or - independent DNA sensing initiates signaling cascades that result in production of IFN, which in turn induces A3A expression. A3A engages the foreign DNA, deaminating multiple cytidines in a molecule. The resulting uracils are excised by UNG2, creating nuclease-sensitive abasic sites. Cleavage of the backbone by APEX1 or other nucleases results in fragmentation and degradation of the foreign DNA.