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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Aug 14.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2009 Jan 21;30(13):2507–2515. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.01.007

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Gene expression analysis. Transcriptional analysis of EBs was performed using GeneChip microarrays (A) and quantitative PCR (B). (A) 410 genes were identified as up-regulated greater than threefold in RA microsphere EBs compared to unloaded microsphere EBs after 10 days of differentiation, while 647 genes were observed to decrease in RA MS EBs. Many genes with large fold changes in RA MS EBs were associated with early embryonic structures, including visceral endoderm, epiblast and primitive streak. (B) Time course quantitative PCR analysis of i) Oct4, ii) Fgf5, and iii) Brachyury T gene expression. The epiblast markers Oct4 and Fgf5 were significantly enhanced in RA MS EBs after 7 days, and Fgf5 was enhanced after 10 days as well. Expression of Brachyury T, a marker for primitive streak, in RA MS EBs was delayed until day 10, when a small increase was observed (n = 3, mean ± standard deviation). *Denotes p = 0.02 vs. untreated; **denotes p < 0.05 vs. all treatments; ***denotes p = 5.2 × 10−6 vs. all treatments.