TABLE 2.
Univariate analysis of categorical variables associated with mean baseline concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and cathelicidin (LL-37) in 95 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis1
| Categorical variablec | |||||
| 25(OH)D |
LL-37 |
||||
| Demographic characteristic | n (%) | Mean ± SE | P | Mean ± SE | P |
| ng/mL | ng/mL | ||||
| Sex | |||||
| M | 72 (75.8) | 20.9 ± 1.2 | 0.602 | 50.2 ± 2.7 | 0.422 |
| F | 23 (24.2) | 18.9 ± 1.6 | 47.5 ± 5.7 | ||
| Race | |||||
| White | 22 (23.2) | 22.8 ± 2.7 | 0.453 | 48.6 ± 6.6 | 0.523 |
| Black | 24 (25.3) | 17.9 ± 4.4 | 46.6 ± 10.9 | ||
| Hispanic | 23 (24.2) | 20.6 ± 4.4 | 45.9 ± 11.0 | ||
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 20 (21.1) | 21.5 ± 4.5 | 57.7 ± 11.1 | ||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 6 (6.3) | 17.6 ± 5.3 | 51.4 ± 13.2 | ||
| Black | 24 (25.3) | 17.9 ± 1.8 | 0.132 | 46.6 ± 4.7 | 0.622 |
| Other | 71 (74.7) | 21.6 ± 1.2 | 50.5 ± 2.9 | ||
| Place of birth | |||||
| Foreign | 35 (36.8) | 20.5 ± 1.4 | 0.522 | 54.5 ± 4.5 | 0.242 |
| United States or Canada | 60 (63.2) | 20.3 ± 1.4 | 46.7 ± 02.8 | ||
| Education | |||||
| Grade ≤12 | 48 (53.9) | 19.2 ± 1.4 | 0.232 | 47.1 ± 3.2 | 0.252 |
| Completed high school or higher | 41 (46.1) | 21.0 ± 1.4 | 52.6 ± 4.2 | ||
| Season | |||||
| Winter | 15 (15.8) | 17.4 ± 3.5 | 0.283 | 52.6 ± 8.7 | 0.833 |
| Spring | 33 (34.7) | 20.1 ± 3.1 | 46.6 ± 7.7 | ||
| Summer | 25 (26.3) | 19.9 ± 3.1 | 51.6 ± 8.0 | ||
| Fall | 22 (23.2) | 23.5 ± 1.6 | 49.5 ± 3.2 | ||
| Winter and spring | 48 (50.5) | 19.3 ± 1.3 | 0.252 | 48.5 ± 3.1 | 0.952 |
| Summer and fall | 47 (49.5) | 21.6 ± 1.5 | 50.6 ± 3.8 | ||
| Social characteristics and risk factors for tuberculosis (≤5 y before current episode of tuberculosis) | |||||
| Homeless or living in a shelter or SRO hotel >6 mo | 17 (18.1) | 22.3 ± 2.6 | 0.292 | 49.9 ± 5.6 | 0.832 |
| Unemployed >1 y | 33 (35.1) | 20.4 ± 1.6 | 0.912 | 48.1 ± 4.4 | 0.712 |
| Illicit drug use | 21 (22.3) | 23.8 ± 2.7 | 0.122 | 42.5 ± 5.7 | 0.092 |
| Use of alcohol >1 drink/d | 39 (41.1) | 21.0 ± 1.7 | 0.722 | 45.9 ± 3.5 | 0.292 |
| Incarcerated >1 mo | 7 (7.5) | 25.7 ± 4.5 | 0.172 | 36.6 ± 7.9 | 0.152 |
| Close contact with active tuberculosis case | 26 (27.7) | 20.5 ± 1.2 | 0.282 | 43.8 ± 4.1 | 0.112 |
| Previous tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment | |||||
| Prior course of INH preventive therapy for tuberculosis | 7 (7.4) | 22.8 ± 3.2 | 0.402 | 43.6 ± 10.4 | 0.372 |
| Prior treatment of active tuberculosis | 6 (6.3) | 21.5 ± 4.8 | 0.982 | 46.3 ± 4.6 | 0.962 |
| Clinical information | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus (type 1 or 2) | 14 (14.7) | 17.4 ± 1.8 | 0.282 | 48.6 ± 7.2 | 0.832 |
| Malignancy | 1 (1.1) | 20.0 | 0.812 | 42.8 | 0.872 |
| Abnormal chest X-ray | 94 (98.9) | 20.4 ± 0.9 | 0.952 | 49.6 ± 2.5 | 0.902 |
| Cavities on chest X-ray | 37 (39.0) | 19.7 ± 1.4 | 0.942 | 53.5 ± 4.1 | 0.172 |
| Bilateral disease chest X-ray | 45 (47.4) | 19.3 ± 1.4 | 0.312 | 51.8 ± 3.8 | 0.472 |
| Positive AFB smear | 53 (56.4) | 20.2 ± 1.4 | 0.482 | 54.1 ± 3.4 | 0.022,4 |
1
SRO, single room occupancy; INH, isoniazid; AFB, acid fast bacilli.
2
Determined by using Wilcoxon's rank sum test.
3
Determined by using ANOVA.
4
P ≤ 0.05.