TABLE 5.
Univariate analysis of categorical variables associated with baseline vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <30 ng/mL) in 95 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis1
| Categorical variable |
||||
| Demographic characteristic | Subjects with vitamin D insufficiency (n = 82) | Subjects without vitamin D insufficiency (n = 13) | OR (95% CI) | 2 |
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Sex | ||||
| M | 60 (73.2) | 12 (92.3) | 0.23 (0.03, 1.85) | 0.18 |
| F | 22 (26.8) | 1 (7.7) | 1.00 | — |
| Race | ||||
| White | 17 (20.7) | 5 (38.5) | 1.00 | — |
| Black | 22 (26.8) | 2 (15.4) | 3.24 (0.56, 18.76) | 0.23 |
| Hispanic | 22 (26.8) | 1 (7.7) | 6.47 (0.69, 60.68) | 0.10 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 15 (18.3) | 5 (38.5) | 0.88 (0.21, 3.65) | 1.00 |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 6 (7.3) | 0 (0) | Undefined | 0.55 |
| Black | 22 (26.8) | 2 (15.4) | 2.02 (0.41, 9.83) | 0.51 |
| Other | 60 (73.2) | 11 (84.6) | 1.00 | — |
| Place of birth | ||||
| Foreign | 30 (36.6) | 5 (38.5) | 0.92 (0.28, 3.08) | 1.00 |
| United States or Canada | 52 (63.4) | 8 (61.5) | 1.00 | — |
| Education | ||||
| Grade ≤12 | 44 (55.7) | 4 (40.0) | 1.89 (0.49, 7.21) | 0.50 |
| Completed high school or higher | 35 (44.3) | 6 (60.0) | 1.00 | — |
| Season | ||||
| Winter | 13 (15.9) | 2 (15.4) | 1.03 (0.15, 7.02) | 1.00 |
| Spring | 29 (35.4) | 4 (30.8) | 1.14 (0.23, 5.70) | 1.00 |
| Summer | 21 (25.6) | 4 (30.7) | 0.83 (0.16, 4.19) | 1.00 |
| Fall | 19 (23.1) | 3 (23.1) | 1.00 | — |
| Winter and spring | 42 (51.3) | 6 (46.2) | 1.23 (0.38, 3.96) | 0.74 |
| Summer and fall | 40 (48.7) | 7 (53.8) | 1.00 | — |
| Social characteristics and risk factors for tuberculosis (≤5 y before current episode of tuberculosis) | ||||
| Homeless or living in a shelter or SRO hotel >6 mo | 14 (17.1) | 3/12 (25.0) | 0.62 (0.15, 2.57) | 0.45 |
| Unemployed >1 y | 29/81 (35.8) | 4 (30.8) | 1.25 (0.36, 4.43) | 1.00 |
| Illicit drug use | 17 (20.7) | 4/12 (33.3) | 0.52 (0.14, 1.95) | 0.46 |
| Use of alcohol >1 drink/d | 34 (41.5) | 5 (38.5) | 1.13 (0.34, 3.77) | 1.00 |
| Incarcerated >1 mo | 5 (6.1) | 2/11 (18.2) | 0.29 (0.05, 1.73) | 0.19 |
| Close contact with active tuberculosis case | 24 (29.3) | 2/12 (16.7) | 2.07 (0.42, 10.16) | 0.50 |
| Previous tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment | ||||
| Prior course of INH preventive therapy | 5 (6.1) | 2 (15.4) | 0.36 (0.06, 2.07) | 0.24 |
| Prior treatment of active tuberculosis | 4 (4.9) | 2 (15.4) | 0.28 (0.05, 1.73) | 0.19 |
| Clinical information | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus (type 1 or 2) | 13 (15.9) | 1 (7.7) | 2.26 (0.27, 18.92) | 0.68 |
| Malignancy | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | Undefined | 1.00 |
| ≥10% below ideal body weight | 11 (13.4) | 2 (15.4) | 0.85 (0.17, 4.37) | 1.00 |
| Abnormal chest X-ray | 81 (98.8) | 13 (100.0) | Undefined | 1.00 |
| Cavities on chest X-ray | 34 (41.5) | 3 (23.1) | 2.36 (0.60, 9.23) | 0.24 |
| Bilateral disease chest X-ray | 40 (48.8) | 5 (38.5) | 1.52 (0. 46, 5.05) | 0.56 |
| Positive AFB smear | 46/81 (56.8) | 7 (53.9) | 1.13 (0.35, 3.65) | 0.84 |
1
OR, odds ratio; SRO, single room occupancy; INH, isoniazid; AFB, acid fast bacilli.
2
Determined by using Fisher's exact test.