Table 2.
Microbial pathogenesis in the murine models of infectious disease
| Microbe | Route of infection | Target cell/site and localization | Innate immune effector molecules required for resistance | Impact of CCR2 deficiency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | ||||
| L. monocytogenes | Gastrointestinal | Intestinal epithelium, hepatic and splenic macrophages, hepatocytes (intracellular, cytoplasmic) | TNF, IFN-γ, RNI, ROI | ↑ susceptibilitya |
| M. tuberculosis | Inhalation | Macrophages (intracellular, vacuolar) | TNF, IFN-γ, IL-12, RNI | ↑ susceptibility (high-dose iv infection)a |
| S. typhimurium | Gastrointestinal | Intestinal epithelium, macrophages (intracellular, vacuolar) | TNF, IFN-γ, IL-12, ROI, RNI | Not determined |
| Protozoa | ||||
| T. gondii | Gastrointestinal | Macrophages and many nucleated cells (intracellular, vacuolar) | TNF, IFN-γ, IL-12 | ↑ susceptibilitya |
| Fungi | ||||
| A. fumigatus | Inhalation | Alveolar macrophages (intracellular conidia) | ROI | ↑ pulmonary allergic responses |
| Alveolar spaces and lung tissue (extracellular conidia and hyphae) | ↓ fungal clearanceb | |||
a
monocytes implicated.
b
role of monocytes not known.