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. 2010 Mar 3;30(9):3175–3183. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5464-09.2010

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Elevation of cAMP promotes regrowth in a PKA-dependent manner. A, Regeneration response of PLM in wild type (zdIs5) when cut proximal to the synaptic branch. No visible growth cone is observed at 6 h after axotomy; axons form small randomly directed branches (arrow) or no branches by 24 h. Asterisks indicate the cut site at 0 h. Scale bar, 10 μm. B, Axotomized PLM axons in pde-4(ce268lf) display growth cones by 6 h (enlarged in inset). A branch extends to the ventral cord by 24 h. C, Quantitation of PLM regrowth at 24 h in mutants that either elevate or reduce neuronal cAMP signaling. Loss of neuronal phosphodiesterase 4/PDE-4 or gain of function in adenylyl cyclase/ACY-1 or Gαs/GSA-1 increases total regrowth. Loss of function of the inhibitory subunit of PKA, KIN-2, promotes regrowth, and overexpression of PDE-4 (juEx2419) in touch neurons reduces regrowth; n = 11–31 total axons per genotype. D, Treatment with the AC activator forskolin can overcome the regeneration block caused by IP3 super sponge transgenes (juEx2410). E, F, Inhibition of PKA by H89 blocks regrowth in a dose-dependent manner. Statistics: t test; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. ns, Not significant.