MOG-specific CD4+CD62Lhi T cells were differentiated into Th1 and Th17 cells. After initial activation in the presence of the indicated polarizing cytokines and neutralizing Abs for 2 days, Th1 cells were further cultured with IL-2, while Th17 cells were further supplemented either with IL-23 or with low doses of IL-2. After 6 days of culture primary (1°) Th1, Th17 plus IL-2, and Th17 plus IL-23 cells were either collected for transfer, or re-stimulated with Abs to CD3 and CD28 for 2 days to generate highly activated secondary (2°) Th1, Th17 plus IL-2, and Th17 plus IL-23 cells.