Table 1.
Clinical and molecular characteristics according to cyclin D1 status in colon cancer
| Clinical or molecular feature | All cases | Cyclin D1 |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | Positive | |||
| Total n | 602 | 272 | 330 | |
| Sex | 0.19 | |||
| Male (HPFS) | 261 (43%) | 110 (40%) | 151 (46%) | |
| Female (NHS) | 341 (57%) | 162 (60%) | 179 (54%) | |
| Mean age ± SD | 66.5 ± 8.3 | 66.4 ± 8.4 | 66.6 ± 8.3 | 0.76 |
| BMI | 0.68 | |||
| <30 kg/m2 | 482 (83%) | 217 (82%) | 265 (84%) | |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 97 (17%) | 48 (18%) | 49 (16%) | |
| Family history of colorectal cancer in any 1st degree relative | 0.35 | |||
| Absent | 454 (75%) | 210 (77%) | 244 (74%) | |
| Present | 148 (25%) | 62 (23%) | 86 (26%) | |
| Year of diagnosis | 0.25 | |||
| Before 1990 | 91 (15%) | 45 (17%) | 46 (14%) | |
| 1990-1999 | 440 (73%) | 190 (70%) | 250 (76%) | |
| 2000-2002 | 71 (12%) | 37 (14%) | 34 (10%) | |
| Tumor location | 0.080 | |||
| Proximal (cecum to transverse) | 344 (58%) | 145 (54%) | 199 (61%) | |
| Distal (splenic flexure to sigmoid) | 249 (42%) | 123 (46%) | 126 (39%) | |
| AJCC tumor stage | 0.054 | |||
| I | 123 (20%) | 48 (18%) | 75 (23%) | |
| IIA | 187 (31%) | 78 (29%) | 109 (33%) | |
| IIB | 18 (3.0%) | 11 (4.0%) | 7 (2.1%) | |
| IIIA | 21 (3.5%) | 8 (2.9%) | 13 (3.9%) | |
| IIIB | 80 (13%) | 39 (14%) | 41 (12%) | |
| IIIC | 54 (9.0%) | 31 (11%) | 23 (7.0%) | |
| IV | 78 (13%) | 43 (16%) | 35 (11%) | |
| Unknown | 41 (6.8%) | 14 (5.1%) | 27 (8.2%) | |
| Tumor grade | 0.40 | |||
| Low | 534 (89%) | 238 (88%) | 296 (90%) | |
| High | 66 (11%) | 33 (12%) | 33 (10%) | |
| Mean LINE-1 methylation (%) ± SD | 60.9 ± 9.6 | 59.9 ± 9.5 | 61.8 ± 9.6 | 0.014 |
| MSI | <0.0001 | |||
| MSI-low/MSS | 487 (82%) | 242 (89%) | 245 (75%) | |
| MSI-high | 109 (18%) | 29 (11%) | 80 (25%) | |
| CIMP | 0.0003 | |||
| CIMP-low/0 | 488 (81%) | 238 (88%) | 250 (76%) | |
| CIMP-high | 114 (19%) | 34 (12%) | 80 (24%) | |
| BRAF mutation | 0.006 | |||
| (−) | 489 (84%) | 234 (88%) | 255 (80%) | |
| (+) | 95 (16%) | 31 (12%) | 64 (20%) | |
| KRAS mutation | 0.98 | |||
| (−) | 377 (63%) | 171 (63%) | 206 (63%) | |
| (+) | 221 (37%) | 100 (37%) | 121 (37%) | |
| p53 expression | 0.38 | |||
| (−) | 366 (61%) | 160 (59%) | 206 (63%) | |
| (+) | 232 (39%) | 110 (41%) | 122 (37%) | |
| p21 | <0.0001 | |||
| Expressed | 125 (21%) | 32 (12%) | 93 (29%) | |
| Lost | 460 (79%) | 229 (88%) | 231 (71%) | |
| p27 | 0.023 | |||
| Nuclear expression | 117 (20%) | 42 (16%) | 75 (24%) | |
| Cytoplasmic expression or loss of nuclear expression | 458 (80%) | 218 (84%) | 240 (76%) | |
| COX-2 | 0.80 | |||
| (−) | 100 (17%) | 44 (16%) | 56 (17%) | |
| (+) | 500 (83%) | 227 (84%) | 273 (83%) | |
| Fatty acid synthase (FASN) | 0.022 | |||
| (−) | 511 (86%) | 240 (90%) | 271 (83%) | |
| (+) | 81 (14%) | 27 (10%) | 54 (17%) | |
NOTE: % indicates the proportion of tumors with a specific clinical or molecular feature in cyclin D1− (or cyclin D1+) tumors. Abbreviations: AJCC, American Joint Commission on Cancer; LINE-1, long interspersed nucleotide element-1.