Table 1.
Population characteristics. (mean ± SE unless otherwise indicated)
| Total (n=320) | EA (n=120) | AA (n=114) | HA (n=86) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 9.6±0.1 | 9.6±0.1 | 9.6±0.1 | 9.4±0.2 |
| Male n (%) | 170 (53) | 62 (52) | 63 (55) | 45 (52) |
| Tanner | 1.5±0.1 | 1.3±0.1a | 1.7±0.1b | 1.4±0.1a |
| I | ||||
| Male | 120 | 48 | 36 | 36 |
| Female | 84 | 40 | 19 | 25 |
| II | ||||
| Male | 38 | 11 | 19 | 8 |
| Female | 40 | 13 | 16 | 11 |
| III | ||||
| Male | 12 | 2 | 8 | 2 |
| Female | 26 | 6 | 16 | 4 |
| SES | 38.5±0.8 | 49.3±0.9a | 37.0±1.1b | 25.6±1.3c |
| Height (cm) | 139.5±0.6 | 140.1±9.7ab | 140.7±1.0a | 137.0±1.2b |
| Weight (kg) | 36.5±0.5 | 35.5±0.8 | 37.0±0.9 | 37.7±1.1 |
| BMI Percentile | 66.5±1.4 | 60.2±2.4 a | 63.8±2.5 a | 79.3±1.9 b |
| WC (cm) | 64.3±0.5 | 63.0±0.7a | 62.7±0.8a | 68.3±1.2b |
| Total Fat Mass (kg) | 8.7±0.3 | 8.2±0.5a | 8.0±0.6a | 10.3±0.6b |
| Total Lean Mass (kg) | 25.6±0.3 | 25.4±0.5a | 26.9±0.5b | 24.1±0.6a |
| IAAT (cm2) | 33.0±1.5 | 34.1±2.7a | 27.0±2.0b | 41.2±3.3a |
| SAAT (cm2) | 93.7±5.2 | 86.4±8.9a | 81.9±8.6a | 121.8±8.4b |
| Fasting Insulin | 12.6±0.4 | 10.9±0.4a | 13.0±0.6b | 14.3±0.9b |
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) | 97.4±0.4 | 97.6±0.6a | 94.8±0.6b | 100.1±0.7c |
| SI | 5.8±0.2 | 7.1±0.4a | 4.5±0.3b | 5.4±0.4b |
| AIRg | 918.9±46.2 | 621.6±41.5a | 1238.4±89.6b | 989.0±105.7c |
| TG (mg/dL) | 66.5±2.1 | 66.2±2.9a | 54.6±2.8a | 82.4±5.2b |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 50.3±0.7 | 48.3±1.1a | 55.3±1.3b | 46.5±1.4a |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 103.4±0.6 | 102.0±1.0a | 106.6±1.0b | 101.4±1.0a |
a–c
superscripts represent differences between racial/ethnic groups.
SES = socioeconomic status; BMI= body mass index; WC= waist circumference; IAAT = intra-abdominal adipose tissue; SAAT = subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue; BP = Blood pressure; SI= insulin sensitivity Index; AIRg= acute insulin response to glucose; TG= triglyceride concentration; HDL-C = high density lipoprotein cholesterol.