TABLE 3.

Univariate and adjusted correlation between baseline variables and change in BMI z-score at first and ultimate visits

Baseline variables	Correlation with Δ BMI z-score at first follow-up				Correlation with Δ BMI z-score at ultimate follow-up (if ≥2 follow-up visits)
	Unadjusted		Adjusted		Unadjusted		Adjusted
	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p
BMI z-score	0.21	<0.01	0.19	0.02	0.32	<0.01	0.27	0.01
Age (yr)	0.03	0.75	0.02	0.81	0.17	0.10	0.14	0.17
BMI (kg/m2)	0.21	<0.01	0.28	<0.01	0.31	<0.01	0.29	0.01
Female	-0.07	0.39	-0.01	0.89	-0.23	0.03	-0.19	0.06
Fasting insulin (μU/ml)	0.25	<0.01	0.21	0.03	0.22	0.06	0.09	0.51
HOMA-IR	0.22	0.02	0.16	0.09	0.19	0.12	0.04	0.74
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	0.22	0.01	0.21	0.02	0.07	0.52	0.05	0.62
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	-0.02	0.84	-0.01	0.89	-0.11	0.32	-0.04	0.75
AST (IU/l)	0.04	0.66	0.02	0.86	0.04	0.75	0.00	0.98
ALT (IU/l)	0.08	0.36	0.04	0.63	0.08	0.48	0.01	0.89
Maternal BMI (kg/m2)	0.10	0.25	0.03	0.75	0.14	0.23	0.07	0.56
Paternal BMI (kg/m2)	0.08	0.39	0.01	0.93	0.11	0.40	0.06	0.64
Sugared beverage intake (kcal/d)	0.15	0.09	0.07	0.44	0.14	0.22	-0.09	0.47
Breakfast (days/wk)	-0.05	0.61	0.03	0.75	-0.23	0.05	-0.10	0.42
Physical activity (days/wk)	-0.06	0.49	-0.06	0.55	0.03	0.78	0.07	0.57
TV viewing (h/day)	0.02	0.79	0.00	0.99	0.07	0.54	-0.06	0.63
PedsQL total	-0.16	0.18	-0.09	0.53	0.05	0.78	0.15	0.37
Average income ($000s)	-0.09	0.40	0.03	0.78	-0.12	0.40	-0.08	0.57
Time to follow-up (mo)	-0.03	0.75	0.00	0.96	-0.14	0.18	-0.08	0.44
Δ BMI z-score at 1st follow-up					0.43	<0.001	0.37	<0.001

Correlations shown are standardized beta coefficients, equivalent to Pearson's R for unadjusted analyses. A negative correlation suggests that children with higher levels of baseline variables showed greater improvements in BMI z-score. Laboratory values obtained fasting.

Adjusted models include baseline BMI z-score, age, sex and duration of follow-up (BMI is not adjusted for BMI z-score).