S. mansoni infection causes increased Type 1 inflammation despite elevated IL-10 production. Analyses were performed on sera from naive (white bars) or S. mansoni-infected mice (black bars) mice 7 wk post S. mansoni inoculation. A, IL-12p40. B, TNF. C, IFN-γ. D, IL-4. E, IL-10 Means ± SE for 8 –10 mice per group. Representative of three independent experiments. (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; and ***, p < 0.001 compared with WT infected group).