Fig. 1.

Structure and electromagnetic characteristics of nano-LAMPs. (A) Typical application of LAMPs. (B) Nano-LAMP configurations for odd and even number of layers. LAMPs with two layers have reporter embedded in protective outer layer, whereas all others have a protective, unlabeled outermost layer. The maximum NEF for even (C) and odd (E) layered silver-silica LAMPs of different sizes for 785-nm excitation (other wavelengths are shown in Fig. S2). (d, f) Purely numerical enhancement is significantly smaller; hence, the net amplification in signal arises from a couple of the NE and EE. The color bar code for C, D, E, and F is given below D and F.