Fig. 5.

Driving with sniffs. (A) A healthy participant driving the sniff-controlled wheelchair. (B and C) The user interface. (B) The threshold settings for sniff-in and sniff-out activation levels. (C) The current direction. Note the sniff pattern denoted for each direction. For example, a turn left is sniff out then in. (D) Results of the first trial driving the sniff-controlled wheelchair. The complex path is denoted in green, with overlaid performance of 10 healthy participants in black and QU2 in red. (E) Results of the third trial driving the sniff-controlled wheelchair, same color code as above.