Table 2.
Characteristics of the US studies included in the meta-analysis by race/ethnicity
| Study (author, year, reference) | Country, state/region | Type of database | Year of data | Outcome | Migrants | US-born | No of subgroups | Births* | % Migrants |
| Acevedo-Garcia et al 2005 | USA, national | PBR | 1998 | LBW | Asians, Blacks, Whites | Asians, Blacks, Whites | 6 | 2102393 | 9.3 |
| Alexander et al 1996 | USA, regional NE | PBR | 1983–7 | LBW | Asians | Asians | 2 | 37941 | 45.3 |
| Cervantes et al 1999 | USA, Chicago City | PBR | 1994 | LBW, PTB | Blacks, Hispanics, Whites | Blacks, Hispanics, Whites | 8 | 52033 | 27.0 |
| Crump et al 1999 | USA, Washington State | PBR | 1989–94 | LBW, PTB | Hispanics | Hispanics | 2 | 9572 | 50.0 |
| David et al 1997 | USA, Illinois State | PBR | 1980–95 | LBW | Blacks | Blacks, Whites | 3 | 90503 | 3.5 |
| English et al 1997 | USA, California | PBR + quest | 1992 | LBW, PTB | Hispanics | Hispanics | 6 | 4404 | 55.3 |
| Fang et al 1999 | USA, New York City | PBR | 1988–94 | LBW, PTB | Blacks | Blacks | 5 | 269863 | 35.9 |
| Fuentes-Afflick et al 1998 | USA, California State | PBR | 1992 | LBW, PTB | Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, Whites | Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, Whites | 8 | 573233 | 44.5 |
| Gould et al 2003 | USA, California State | PBR | 1995–7 | LBW, PTB | Asians, Hispanics | Blacks, Whites | 4 | 1057977 | 42.2 |
| Johnson et al 2005 | USA, Washington State | PBR | 1993–2001 | LBW, PTB | Blacks | Blacks, Whites | 3 | 5398 | 10.7 |
| Kramer et al 2006 | USA, national | PBR | 1998–2000 | PTB | Blacks | Blacks | 2 | 1754777 | 11.4 |
| Landale et al 1999 | USA, national | PBR | 1989–91 | LBW | Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, Whites | Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, Whites | 36 | 4856798 | 48.6 |
| Madan et al 2006 | 11 States | PBR | LBW, PTB | Asians, Hispanics, | Asians, Hispanics, Whites | 5 | 6424172 | 23.1 | |
| California, Hawaii, Illinois, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Washington | 1995–7 | ||||||||
| Minnesota | 1997 | ||||||||
| Virginia | 1998 | ||||||||
| Missouri, West Virginia | 1999–2000 | ||||||||
| Palotto et al 2000 | USA, Illinois State | PBR | 1985–90 | LBW | Blacks | Blacks, Whites | 3 | 103 746 | 2.2 |
| Rosenberg et al 2005 | USA, New York City | PBR | 1996–7 | LBW | Hispanics | Hispanics | 14 | 156 084 | 63.1 |
| Wingate et al 2006 | USA, national | PBR | 1995–9 | LBW, PTB | Hispanics | Hispanics | 4 | 2 446 253 | 61.5 |
| Total | 111 | 19 945 147 | 33.5 |
HR, hospital record; LBW, low birth weight; PB, population-based; PBR, population-based registry; PBS, population-based survey; PTB, preterm birth; Quest, questionnaire.
*
When the sample size varies by outcome, the denominator for LBW was reported, followed by PTB if LBW was not reported.