Table 5.

Naphthalene concentrations measured in ambient air. Otherwise as Table 4.

Country	Location	Setting	Sampling period	No. of sampling locations	Sampling method	DF	Concentration (μg m−3)					Rep	VOC/PAH	Ref
							AM	SD	GM	Median	Max
US	Missoula, MT	Rural	2005–2006	Outside of 51 high school students’ homes	12-h active sorbent		-	-	-	0.1	0.4	N	VOC	[106]
US	Southeast Michigan	Urban and suburban	2004–2005	Outside of 159 homes	4-d passive sorbent	94%	0.28	-	-	0.18	4.72	Y	VOC	[107]
US	Chicago, IL	Urban and suburban	2000–2001	Outside of 10 homes	48-h active PUF		-	-	-	0.17	1.87	Y	PAH	[109]
US	Raleigh–Durham–Chapel Hill, NC	Urban	1997	4 sites	48-h active PUF		0.06	-	-	-	0.076	N	PAH	[7]
US	Five cities in NC	Urban and rural	1995	Outside of 24 low-income families	24-h active resin		0.43	0.51	-	0.28	1.82	Y	PAH	[6]
US	Columbus, OH	Urban	1986–1987	Outside of 8 homes	8-h active resin		0.17	-	-	-	0.33	N	PAH	[111]
US	Phoenix and Tucson, AZ	Urban	1994–1996	5 sites, 305 samples	6L canister		0.01–0.82	-	-	-	1.96	Y	VOC	[130]
US	San Dimas, Upland, Mira Loma, Riverside, CA	Urban	2001–2002	4 schools	24-h active PUF		0.21–0.58	-	-	-	1.04	Y	PAH	[91]
US	Los Angeles, CA Riverside, CA	Urban	2002–2003	2 sites	5-day active sorbent		0.7 0.23	-	-	-	2.54 0.77	Y	PAH	[131]
US	Wildlife Refuge, MS	Remote	1991	2 sites, 80 samples	4-day active PUF		0.0001	-	-	-	-	N	PAH	[132]
Canada	Sarnia, Ontario	Urban	2005	37 sites	2-week OVM passive		0.12	0.05	-	0.11	-	Y	VOC	[133]
Canada	Ottawa, Ontario	Urban	2002–2003	Outside of 74 homes	100-min active sorbent	54%	0.18	-	-	0.02	3.9	Y	VOC	[113]
Canada	Western Canada	Rural	2004	11399 samples	1-month OVM passive	70%	0.008	-	0.003	0.003	1.7	N	VOC	[134]
UK	Birmingham	Urban	1999–2000	Outside of 12 homes	Active sorbent		0.3	0.2	-	0.2	0.9	Y	VOC	[116]
UK	Birmingham	Urban	1992	1site, 55 samples	24-h active PUF		0.002–0.012	-	-	-		N	PAH	[92]
Germany	Leipzig	Urban	1994–2001	222 measurements	4-week OVM passive		0.1	-	-	0.1	1.5	Y	VOC	[118]
Germany	Germany	Urban	NA	47 measurements	Active PUP	100%	-	-	-	0.1	1.4	Y	PAH	[119]
Finland	Helsinki, Finland	Urban	1996–1997	Outside of 183 homes	48-h active sorbent	<20%	-	-	-	-	1.3	N	VOC	[121]
Australia	Melbourne	Urban	N/A	27 sites	30–50 min active sorbent	30%	<MDL	-	-	<MDL	-	N	VOC	[105]
India	Delhi	Urban	2001	Multiple sites	4-h active sorbent		0.39	0.30	-	0.31	-	Y	VOC	[135]
India	Mumbai	Urban	2001–2002	Multiple sites	4-h active sorbent		0.10	0.12	-	0.06	-	Y	VOC	[136]
Korea	Seoul	Urban	1999	1 site	24-h active PUF		0.01	0.01	-	0.01	-	Y	PAH	[137]
China	Hangzhou	Urban	1999	Outside of 8 homes	XAD-2 resin	100%	6.31	6.82	3.15	4.15	19.83	N	PAH	[123]
		Industrial					0.41	-	-	-	-	N
Taiwan	Taichung	Urban	2002	1 site	3-day active PUF		0.28	-	-	-	-	Y	PAH	[94]
		Rural					0.22	-	-	-	-	N