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. 2010 Jul;56(7):639–648.

Table 2.

Summary of clinical trials involving incretin agents

INCRETIN AGENT AND COMBINATION COMPARATOR N DURATION, WK MEAN CHANGE IN HBA1C, %*
Sitagliptin
  • Monotherapy35,38–43 Placebo 2389 12–24 −0.44 to −0.66
  • Metformin35,40,44 Placebo 1437 24 −0.67 to −1.90
  • Metformin15,35 Glipizide 1172 52 −0.67
  • Glimepiride with or without metformin35,45 Placebo 441 24 −0.45
  • Pioglitazone35,46 Placebo 353 24 −0.85
  • Metformin47 Exenatide 61 2 NA
Vildagliptin
  • Monotherapy35,48–53 Placebo 2253 12–52 −0.20 to −0.92
  • Metformin54,55 Placebo 651 12–24 −0.60 to −0.90
  • Insulin56 Placebo 296 24 −0.50
  • Metformin16 Pioglitazone 576 24 −0.88
  • Pioglitazone57 Placebo 463 24 −1.00
  • Various59 Vildagliptin vs pioglitazone vs vildagliptin and pioglitazone 607 24 −1.1
Exenatide
  • Sulfonylurea24 Placebo 377 30 −0.86
  • Metformin25 Placebo 336 30 −0.8
  • Metformin and sulfonylurea26 Placebo 733 30 −0.75†
  • TZD with or without metformin27 Placebo 233 16 −0.89
  • Metformin and sulfonylurea20,21 Insulin glargine 689 26–32 −1.36 to −1.16
  • Metformin and sulfonylurea22 Biphasic insulin 501 52 −1.04
  • Monotherapy31 Placebo 232 24 −0.9
  • Metformin, sulfonylurea, or both28 None 314 82 −1.1
  • Metformin, sulfonylurea, or both59 Placebo 217 156 −1.0
Liraglutide
  • Monotherapy (LEAD-3)18 Glimepiride 746 52 −0.84 to −1.14
  • Metformin (LEAD-2)33 Placebo or glimepiride 1091 26 −1.0
  • Glimepiride (LEAD-1)32 Placebo or rosiglitazone 1041 26 −1.1
  • Metformin and rosiglitazone (LEAD-4)34 Placebo 533 26 −1.5
  • Metformin and sulfonylurea (LEAD-5)23 Insulin glargine 581 26 −1.33
  • Previous oral antihyperglycemics (LEAD-6)60 Exenatide plus previous oral antihyperglycemics 464 26 −1.12

HbA1c—glycated hemoglobin A1c, LEAD—Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes, NA—not applicable, TZD—thiazolidinedione.

*

Reported mean change from baseline in patients treated with incretin agents. Where several values are provided (eg, different doses of the study drug), either in a single report or in multiple reports, the range of reported mean values is shown.

†

Precise value not reported; reduction in HbA1c levels was shown in a figure.