Table 1.

Words Programmed Under Each Dictionary

Dictionary	Words to Be Counted
Apathya	boring, drop*, empty, bored, stay* <home>, avoid*
Hopelessnessa	Important, nervous, tense, anxious, pressure*, value, useful, beneficial, drop*, empty, bother*, afraid, bad, helpless, restless, fidgety, stay* <home>, worry
Protesta	boring, competent, skill*, tense, pressure*, angry, hostile, shout*, irritate*, bother*, upset, avoid*
Hopefulnessa	enjoy*, fun, interesting, enjoyable, good, competent, satisfied, skill*, effort, try, tried, important, well, energy, relax*, value, useful, again, help*, beneficial
Positive Emotionsb	ador*, calm, love, pleasant
Negative Emotionsb	abandon*, ache, bore, upset
Anxiety & Fearb	afraid, anxi*, insecur, worr*
Angerb	argu*, destroy, hate, temper
Sadness & Depressionb	abandon*, alone, cry, fail, miss
Achievementb	achiev, closure, fail, lose, try

Note. The words listed are illustrative and not a complete list of the words in a given dictionary. An asterisk (*) is put at the end of the word to program Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) to ignore all subsequent letters. An angle bracket <> is to program a conditional category of idiom (e.g., stay*<home> indicates that if home follows the word stay in the text, stay is to be counted under the dictionary of apathy and hopelessness.)

^aDictionary constructed for this study.

^bDictionary constructed by LIWC developers.