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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Aug 17.
Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20(2):369–393. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1375

Table 1.

GAPDH functional diversity

Cytosolic Functions:

  • Glycolytic/Gluconeogenesis enzyme

  • Metabolic switch between Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate Shunt

  • Kinase/Phosphotransferase

  • Undergoes auto-ADP-ribosylation

  • Microtubule bundling

    • Tubulin binding

    • Binding and stabilization of fully formed microtubules

  • Endocystosis

  • Fusogenic membrane-bound protein

  • Other intracellular protein binding:

    • NO sensor

    • Glutathione (GSH)

    • TNF-α

    • p53

    • VDAC

    • Ap4A

    • nm23

    • Siah-1(in apoptosis)

    • IP3 receptor

    • SERCA pump

    • HSP70 (in ischemia and stroke)

    • Alzhiemer’s-related proteins:

      • AβPP

      • Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42)

      • Tau

    • Huntington’s-related proteins:

      • Huntingtin

    • Parkinson’s-related proteins:

      • α-synuclein

      • Lewy bodies

      • Parkin

    • Other triplet repeat disorders:

      • Atrophin in Dentratorubapallidoluysian atrophy (DRLPA)

      • Ataxin-1 in Spinocerebellar ataxia, type-1

      • Androgen receptor in Spinobulbar muscular atrophy

      • Granular deposits in Spinocerebellar ataxia, type-3 (Machado-Joseph disease)

Nuclear Functions:

  • DNA replication

  • Uracil DNA-glycosylase

  • Nuclear RNA transport

  • Translational regulation

    • Catalysis of amino acyl tRNA synthesis

  • Transcription factor

    • Oct-1 binding in histone transcription

Other Disease Involvement:

  • Metal toxicity (?)

    • Zinc binding in zinc neurotoxicity

  • Phosphorylates Hepatitis B virus in HBV viral pathogenesis

  • Swine fever (?)

  • Cancer:

    • Prostate cancer

    • Pancreatic cancer

    • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

(?), signifies unknown/debated GAPDH functions and/or disease involvement (adapted from [1, 30])