Table 3.
PTSD Symptoms and Criteria by Sex and Subjective Trauma
| Untraumatized men (n = 20) |
Traumatized men (n = 36) |
Traumatized women (n = 25) |
All | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | χ2 (2, N = 81) | |
| Criterion B (1+ symptoms) | 3 | 15.0 a | 14 | 38.9 b | 20 | 80.0 c | 37 | 45.7 | 21.64** |
| B1. Intrusive thoughts | 3 | 15.0 | 13 | 36.1 | 17 | 68.0 | 33 | 40.7 | |
| B2. Nightmares | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5.6 | 3 | 12.0 | 5 | 6.2 | |
| B3. Re-experiencing | 0 | 0 | 3 | 8.3 | 8 | 32.0 | 11 | 13.6 | |
| B4. Upset over reminders | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5.6 | 5 | 20.0 | 7 | 8.6 | |
| B5. Physiological reactivity | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5.6 | 6 | 24.0 | 8 | 9.9 | |
| Criterion C (3+ symptoms) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5.6 | 4 | 16.0 | 6 | 7.4 | 5.35 |
| C1. Avoided thoughts | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5.6 | 5 | 20.0 | 7 | 8.6 | |
| C2. Avoided people/places | 1 | 5.0 | 2 | 5.6 | 2 | 8.0 | 5 | 6.2 | |
| C3. Amnesia | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5.6 | 2 | 8.0 | 4 | 4.9 | |
| C4. Loss of interest | 5 | 25.0 | 18 | 50.0 | 13 | 52.0 | 36 | 44.4 | |
| C5. Estrangement | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.8 | 2 | 7.4 | 3 | 3.7 | |
| C6. Emotional numbing | 2 | 10.0 | 2 | 5.6 | 3 | 12.0 | 7 | 8.6 | |
| C7. Foreshortened future | 1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 16.0 | 5 | 6.2 | |
| Criterion D (2+ symptoms) | 5 | 25.0 a | 17 | 47.2 b | 18 | 72.0 c | 40 | 49.4 | 10.34** |
| D1. Trouble sleeping | 6 | 30.0 | 12 | 33.3 | 16 | 64.0 | 34 | 42.0 | |
| D2. Irritability | 2 | 10.0 | 12 | 33.3 | 15 | 60.0 | 29 | 35.8 | |
| D3. Trouble concentrating | 2 | 10.0 | 9 | 25.0 | 14 | 56.0 | 25 | 30.9 | |
| D4. Hyper-vigilance | 7 | 35.0 | 24 | 66.7 | 20 | 80.0 | 51 | 63.0 | |
| D5. Startle | 0 | 0 | 8 | 22.2 | 10 | 40.0 | 18 | 22.2 | |
| Criterion E (duration) | 6 | 30.0 a | 27 | 75.0 b | 21 | 84.0 b | 54 | 66.7 | 16.21** |
| Criterion F (interference) | 5 | 25.0 a | 9 | 25.0 a | 15 | 60.0 b | 29 | 35.8 | 9.04** |
| Partial or full PTSD | 1 | 5.0 | 7 | 19.4 a | 13 | 52.0 b | 21 | 25.9 | 14.68** |
| Full PTSD (all criteria A–F) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.8 | 3 | 12.0 | 4 | 4.9 | 3.57 |
Note. Single df tests were conducted only when valid and only at the criterion level; groups sharing superscripts did not differ.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.