a. Overlay of CLIK-148(light green carbons with heteroatom coloring) with compound 1 (tan carbons with heteroatom coloring) in the binding site of papain. b. Binding of 1 (S-enantiomer) to papain. Six critical hydrogen bonding interactions between the ligand and the protein are established. The papain residues that participate in hydrogen bonding, Gln19, Cys25, Gly 66, Asp158, and Trp177, are identical to the corresponding residues in cathepsin L.