Table 1.
Abstinence at 3 Years by Individual and Treatment Characteristics (n = 296)
| Abstinence from both alcohol and drugs |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 88) | No (n = 208) | p value | |
| Demographics | |||
| Girls (%) | 51.1 | 32.2 | 0.0022 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 15.7 (1.3) | 16.2 (1.2) | 0.0042 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | |||
| African American | 14.9 | 13.9 | NS |
| Native American | 4.6 | 9.6 | |
| Hispanic | 18.4 | 22.6 | |
| Asian | 8.1 | 5.3 | |
| White | 54.0 | 48.6 | |
| Baseline MH severity | |||
| YSR internalizing score, mean (SD) | 17.2 (10.9) | 13.6 (9.6) | 0.0048 |
| YSR externalizing score, mean (SD) | 22.2 (9.4) | 19.3 (8.9) | 0.0110 |
| Substance use problems at baseline | |||
| Number of abuse/dependence symptoms, mean (SD) | 5.2 (3.7) | 4.2 (3.1) | 0.0244 |
| Short-term outcomes at 1 year | |||
| Abstinence (%) | 65.9 | 39.9 | <0.0001 |
| Anxious/depressed scale, mean (SD) | 6.0 (5.8) | 5.4 (5.0) | NS |
| Externalizing scale, mean (SD) | 14.0 (8.5) | 14.0 (8.7) | NS |
| CD treatment | |||
| Index treatment facility (%) | |||
| Site 1 | 6.8 | 14.9 | NS |
| Site 2 | 30.7 | 31.7 | |
| Site 3 | 28.4 | 24.0 | |
| Site 4 | 34.1 | 29.3 | |
| Index treatment length of stay, mean (SD) | 95.4 (98.1) | 76.6 (88.7) | NS |
| CD visits within the health plan | |||
| ≥1 in the second year (%) | 13.6 | 15.4 | NS |
| ≥1 in the third year (%) | 17.1 | 7.7 | 0.0163 |
| Any CD treatment outside the health plan in the second and third years (%) | 15.9 | 15.4 | NS |
| Psychiatric services | |||
| Psychiatric visits within the health plan | |||
| ≥1 in the first year (%) | 60.2 | 36.5 | 0.0002 |
| ≥1 in the second year (%) | 35.2 | 22.1 | 0.0188 |
| ≥1 in the third year (%) | 30.7 | 12.0 | 0.0001 |
| Any psychiatric treatment outside the health plan in the second and third years (%) | 15.9 | 8.7 | 0.0662 |
| 12-step participation | |||
| Attending 10 or more meetings in prior 6 months at 1 year (%) | 34.1 | 23.1 | 0.0493 |
| Attending 10 or more meetings in prior 6 months at 3 years (%) | 20.5 | 7.3 | 0.0010 |
Notes: p values are from chi-square tests for comparisons of categorical individual or treatment characteristics, and t-tests for comparisons of continuous individual or treatment characteristics, by abstinence status. CD, chemical dependency; NS, not significant; MH, mental health; YSR, Youth Self-Report.