Table 4.

Pneumonia complications by admission glucose adults aged 65 and above

	Admission glucose level (%)
	Normal ≤100 mg/dl N = 69	Mild 101-125 mg/dl N = 68				Severe >126 mg/dl N = 99				Known diabetic N = 77
Complications Types*	%	%	OR	95% CI	p	%	OR	95% CI	p	%	OR	95% CI	p
↑ O2 requirements	21.7	41.2	2.52	1.19-5.32	0.014	44.4	2.88	1.44-5.78	0.002	35.1	1.94	0.92-4.07	0.075
↑ ABx coverage	23.5	32.4	1.55	0.73-3.31	0.25	28.3	1.28	0.63-2.61	0.49	28.6	1.30	0.62-2.74	0.49
Sepsis	14.5	26.5	2.12	0.90-5.01	0.08	23.2	1.79	0.79-4.04	0.16	23.4	1.80	0.77-4.22	0.17
Subsequent ICU use	11.6	22.1	2.16	0.85-5.49	0.10	16.2	1.47	0.59-3.65	0.41	16.9	1.55	0.60-4.00	0.36
Mechanical-vent	10.1	19.1	2.09	0.78-5.62	0.1370	14.1	1.45	0.56-3.83	0.44	11.7	1.17	0.41-3.34	0.77
Deaths (N)	10.3 (7)	12 (8)	1.17	0.40-3.40	0.78	12(12)	1.22	0.45-3.27	0.69	9 (7)	0.88	0.29-2.66	0.8
Category
No complications	76.5	60.3	--	--	--	59.8				64.9	--	--	--
Mild*	20.9	4.4	1.94	0.31-12.15	0.47	10.3	2.73	0.24-31.36	0.40	11.4	4.77	0.98-23.16	0.03
Severe†	20.6	35.3	2.22	1.02-4.81	0.04	29.9	1.83	0.88-3.82	0.11	23.4	1.36	0.31-3.03	0.45
Any one complication	23.5	39.7	2.19	1.04-4.58	0.04	40.2	2.15	1.08-4.29	0.03	35.1	1.79	0.86-3.71	0.12
Any two complications	20.0	37.9	2.49	1.13-5.45	0.02	34.1	2.04	0.96-4.31	0.06	29.6	1.71	0.78-3.79	0.18
Age (mean se)	78.2 se = 7.3	80.9 se = 9.1				80.6 se = 8.6				80.0 se = 7.4
Total admission days (mean se)¶	6.3 se = 6.0	6.7 se = 4.7				7.7 se = 7.0				7.3 se = 7.3

*Mild complications: either ↑ O₂ requirements, or ↑ Antibiotic coverage

^†Severe complications: either subsequent ICU use, mechanical ventilation, sepsis and/or death

^‡χ² compares each group with the reference group (admission glucose ≤99 mg/dl).

Note: Highlighted values were statistically different from the normal group; all others were not statistically significant