Table 2.

Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of incident dementia across tertiles of dietary vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene, and flavonoids

Tertiles	Median intake	Total population (n=5,395)			Excluding antioxidant and omega-3 supplement users (n=4,751)
		No. of dementia cases	Age-adjusted	Multivariate-adjusted a	No. of dementia cases	Age-adjusted	Multivariate-adjusted b
Vitamin E (in mg/day)
1	9.0	164	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	149	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
2	13.5	181	1.16 (0.94, 1.43)	1.20 (0.97, 1.49)	147	1.05 (0.84, 1.32)	1.11 (0.88, 1.40)
3	18.5	120	0.76 (0.60, 0.96)	0.75 (0.59, 0.95)	111	0.76 (0.60, 0.97)	0.75 (0.58, 0.97)
			p-trend=0.02	p-trend=0.02		p-trend=0.03	p-trend=0.03
Vitamin C (in mg/day)
1	80	151	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	132	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
2	121	158	0.97 (0.77, 1.21)	0.96 (0.77, 1.21)	140	0.96 (0.75, 1.21)	0.94 (0.74, 1.20)
3	174	156	1.04 (0.83, 1.30)	0.99 (0.79, 1.25)	135	1.00 (0.79, 1.27)	0.95 (0.74, 1.21)
			p-trend=0.7	p-trend=1.0		p-trend=1.0	p-trend=0.7
Beta carotene (in μg/day)
1	1710	152	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	129	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
2	2627	159	1.03 (0.82, 1.28)	1.09 (0.86, 1.37)	139	1.06 (0.83, 1.35)	1.11 (0.87, 1.43)
3	3779	154	1.11 (0.89, 1.39)	1.18 (0.94, 1.49)	139	1.18 (0.93, 1.50)	1.27 (0.99, 1.63)
			p-trend=0.7	p-trend=1.0		p-trend=1.0	p-trend=0.7
Flavonoids (in mg/day)
1	16.9	136	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	114	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
2	27.6	169	1.14 (0.91, 1.43)	1.14 (0.91, 1.44)	148	1.18 (0.93, 1.51)	1.18 (0.92, 1.52)
3	39.3	160	1.03 (0.82, 1.30)	1.06 (0.84, 1.34)	145	1.12 (0.87, 1.43)	1.14 (0.88, 1.46)
			p-trend=0.8	p-trend=0.6		p-trend=0.4	p-trend=0.3

^aModels are adjusted for age, education, APOE ε4 genotype, total energy intake, alcohol intake, smoking habits, BMI, and supplement use.

^bModels are adjusted for age, education, APOE ε4 genotype, total energy intake, alcohol intake, smoking habits, and BMI.