Table 2B.

Baseline variables of HFA_digHR<1 group vs. HFA_digHR-NS group.

	HFAdigHR<1, n=6325	HFAdigHR-NS, n=1431	Odds ratio	|Z|	p value
Continuous/Ordinal variables (mean±SD)
Age (yrs)	64±11	62±12		6.1	<0.001
NYHA class	2.2±0.7	2.1±0.6		8	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	123±18	141±17		30.4	<0.001
Heart rate (bpm)	79±12	77±14		5.9	<0.001
BMI	27±5	29±6		9.2	<0.001
Cardiothoracic ratio	0.5±0.07	0.5±0.07		2.3	0.02
EF (%)	30±12	40±13		26.6	<0.001
Creatinine (mg/dl)	1.3±0.4	1.3±0.4		4.7	<0.001
Categorical Variables (%)
Females	22	37	2.1		<0.001
Race (Caucasians)	87	81	0.6		<0.001
DM	28	31	1.3		0.009
Hypertension	42	71	3.3		<0.001
Ischemic etiology	70	66	0.8		0.02
Limitation of activity	76	74		0.07
Peripheral edema	23	12	0.4		<0.001
S3	28	6	0.2		<0.001
X-ray congestion	16	9	0.5		<0.001
ACE inhibitor use	94	92	0.8		0.03
Diuretic use	80	71	0.6		<0.001
Potassium sparing diuretic use	7	10	1.4		0.001
Digoxin use	50	49			0.64

p value of <0.001 was considered highly significant. Odds ratio and Z score are for variables in HFA_digHR-NS group in comparison with HFA_digHR<1 group. Odds ratio <0.5 or >2 and |Z|>10 was considered as a large effect size. Bold variables indicate a highly significant difference with a large effect size. BMI: body mass index; DM: diabetes mellitus; EF: ejection fraction; HFA_digHR<1: group with reduction in heart failure admissions with use of digoxin; HFA_digHR-NS: group with non-significant association of digoxin use with admissions due to heart failure; S3: third heart sound; SBP: systolic blood pressure.