Table 4.
Disorder factors related to work participation (WP) and work functioning (WF) of currently depressed workers
| Related factor | Outcome | D | N | R | Ref nr. | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| More severe symptoms | WP: work disability | A | 186 | = | Rytsala et al. [74] | Limited evidence for positive relation |
| A | 185 | = | Sorvaniemi et al. [75] | |||
| B | 997 | + | Dewa et al. [72] | |||
| B | 1,521 | + | Dewa et al. [71] | |||
| B | 269 | + | Rytsala et al. [73] | |||
| B | 345 | + | Souêtre et al. [76] | |||
| WP: terminate employment | B | 1,521 | + | Dewa et al. [71] | Inconclusive evidence | |
| WF: work limitations | A | 286 | + | Adler et al. [24] | Moderate evidence for positive relation (physical demands: =) | |
| B | 246 | + | Lerner et al. [81] | |||
| B | 49 | + | Sanderson et al. [22] | |||
| WF: work productivity loss | B | 77 | + | Endicott and Nee [78] | Inconclusive evidence | |
| B | 49 | = | Sanderson et al. [22] | |||
| Type: MDD or MDD +Dysthymia (vs Dysthymia) | WP: work disability | A | 233 | − | Laitinen-Krispijn and Bijl [43] | Inconclusive evidence |
| A | 229 | = | Lerner et al. [11] | |||
| B | 219 | + | Stewart et al. [21] | |||
| WP: terminate employment | A | 229 | = | Lerner et al. [11] | Inconclusive | |
| WF: work limitations | B | 229 | + | Lerner et al. [11] | Inconclusive (physical demands and time-management demands: =) | |
| WF: work productivity loss | B | 219 | + | Stewart et al. [21] | Limited evidence for positive relation | |
| B | 523a | + | Hawthorne et al. [79] | |||
| Type: severe/MDD (vs. minor/mild/moderate) | WP: work disability | A | 49 | + | Sanderson et al. [22] | Moderate evidence for positive relation |
| B | 269 | + | Rytsala et al. [73] | |||
| B | 439a | = | Kruijshaar et al. [42] | |||
| B | 13,359a | + | Lepine et al. [41] | |||
| Type: moderate (vs mild) | WP: work disability | B | 439a | + | Kruijshaar et al. [42] | Inconclusive evidence |
| Longer duration of depression | WP: work disability | A | 1,200 | + | Druss et al. [68] | Strong evidence for positive relation |
| A | 186 | + | Rytsala et al. [74] | |||
| A | 185 | = | Sorvaniemi et al. [75] | |||
| A | 49 | = | Sanderson et al. [22] | |||
| History: prior suicide attempts | WP: work disability | B | 2,341 | + | Claassen et al. [77] | Inconclusive evidence |
| WF: work productivity loss | B | 2,341 | + | Claassen et al. [77] | Inconclusive evidence | |
| History: existing/more previous episodes | WP: work disability | A | 186 | = | Rytsala et al. [74] | Limited evidence for positive relation |
| B | 345 | + | Souêtre et al. [76] | |||
| B | 269 | + | Rytsala et al. [73] | |||
| B | 439a | = | Kruijshaar et al. [42] | |||
| Co-morbidity: physical or mental condition | WP: work disability | A | 185 | + | Sorvaniemi et al. [75] | Moderate evidence for positive relation |
| A | 186 | = | Rytsala et al. [74] | |||
| B | 573a | + | Buist-Bouwman et al. [70] | |||
| B | 412 | + | Druss et al. [12] | |||
| B | 269 | + | Rytsala et al. [73] | |||
| B | 219 | + | Stewart et al. [21] | |||
| B | 997 | = | Dewa et al. [72] | |||
| B | 269 | = | Rytsala et al. [73] | |||
| B | 345 | = | Souêtre et al. [76] | |||
| Less clinical improvement/(Less or no recovery) | WP: work disability | A | 229 | + | Simon et al. [40] | Limited evidence for positive relation |
| A | 49 | = | Sanderson et al. [22] | |||
| WP: terminate employment | A | 229 | + | Simon et al. [40] | Limited evidence for positive relation | |
| WF: work limitations | A | 286 | + | Adler et al. [24] | Limited Evidence for positive relation | |
| WF: work productivity loss | A | 1,200 | + | Druss et al. [68] | Moderate evidence for positive relation | |
| B | 219 | + | Stewart et al. [21] |
MDD major depressive disorder, D design of study (A longitudinal, B cross-sectional), N total of participants from the sample fitting the inclusion criteria (depressed and employed) at baseline
aExact number of workers within baseline depressed population is unclear, but above 50%. N of depressed group is presented
R relationship between factor and outcome. −, A negative relationship between factor and outcome; =, No significant (p ≤ .05) positive or negative relations found between factor and outcome; +, A positive relationship between factor and outcome