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Mechanisms through which morphine contributes to expansion of HIV-1 reservoir in CNS. Interaction of morphine with the μ-opioid receptor is known to trigger GPCR signaling pathways that can regulate miRNA expression, pro-inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Each of these biochemical responses induced by morphine may lead to expansion of the HIV-1 viral reservoir in the CNS and explain the accelerated disease progression in opioid abusing cohorts.
