Table V. Overexpression of selected miRNAs altered nodule numbers in transgenic hairy root composite plants.

The expression of transgenic miRNA was under the transcriptional control of a constitutive promoter (CsVMV) or a nodulation-induced promoter (soybean ENOD40). The nodule numbers were counted 4 weeks after B. japonicum inoculation. The nodule numbers are converted to fold increase over one vector control, overexpressing a nonrelated bacterial ccdB gene that was used as the Gateway vector selection. For the nodulation-induced promoter control, the same ccdB gene in reverse orientation was transformed into soybean hairy root composite plants and compared with the previous control. The values shown are averages of three biological repeats ± sd. For each sample in these repeats, at least 24 transgenic plants, representing at least 100 individual transgenic roots, were counted. Student's t test was performed, and the statistically significant treatments (P < 0.05) are marked with asterisks.

miRNA	Nodule No.
	Constitutive Promoter (CsVMV)	Nodulation-Induced Promoter (ENOD40)
Control	1.00 ± 0.02	0.97 ± 0.02
miR482	2.15 ± 0.13*	1.71 ± 0.22*
miR1507	1.08 ± 0.04	1.32 ± 0.23
miR1512	1.25 ± 0.01	1.66 ± 0.35*
miR1515	1.65 ± 0.03*	1.49 ± 0.49