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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Aug 19.
Published in final edited form as: Physiol Rev. 2010 Jul;90(3):1195–1268. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2008

Figure 7. Entrainment of a cortical network in vivo by optogenetically activating fast spiking interneurons.

Figure 7

(A) Spiking activity of neurons in mouse somatosensory cortex in response to channorodopsin-2 activation of FS interneurons by repetitive light pulses at 40 Hz. Top: LFP and raster plots of an FS cell (blue) and nearby regular spiking pyramidal cells recorded simultaneously (RS1-3, green). Middle: Overlay of the FS (blue) and RS (green) spike probability profiles, computed from 17 RS cells and 9 FS cells. Light pulses at 0 ms evoked FS spikes with a delay of 1–2 ms, followed by an increase in RS spiking at 17–24 ms. Bottom: Power spectrum of LFP in control (black, with a broad profile) and with activation of FS cells by 40 Hz light pulses (blue, with a sharp peak at 40 Hz). (B) Mean LFP power ratio in each frequency band in response to light activation of FS (filled circles) and RS (open circles) cells at those stimulus frequencies. (A) Top and middle panels kindly provided by Jessica Cardin, (A) bottom panel and (B) reproduced with permission from [155].