Table 1.
Case reports of blastomycosis causing acute respiratory distress syndrome in the literature
| Author | Year | No. of Patients | Symptoms | Ventilation | Initial Treatment | Ultimate Treatment | Survival |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palmer et al13 | 1968 | 1 | fatigue, general malaise, cough with sputum, shortness of breath, fever | 0 of 1 | penicillin | amphotericin B | 0/1 (0%) |
| Griffith et al11 | 1979 | 1 | fever, malaise, dyspnea, cough | 1 of 1 | penicillin + gentamicin + methylprednisolone + digoxin | amphotericin B + hydroxystilbamidine | 1/1 (100%) |
| Lockridge et al8 | 1979 | 1 | pleuritic chest pain, fever, shortness of breath, cough with sputum production | 1 of 1 | aspirin | multiple antibiotics + amphotericin B + high-dose steroids | 0/2 (0%) |
| Evans et al7 | 1982 | 2 | fever, cough, right upper lobe pneumonia, dyspnea | 1 of 2 | 1) isoniazid + ethambutol 2) cephalothin + erythromycin | 1) amphotericin B + hydroxystilbamidine + highdose methylprednisolone 2) cefazolin + tobramycin + erythromycin + isoniazid + sulfamethoxazole + methylprednisolone | 0/2 (0%) |
| Atkinson et al90 | 1983 | 1 | fever, cough, dyspnea | 1 of 1 | cephalothin | multiple antibitoics + isoniazide + highdose methylprednisolone | 0/1 (0%) |
| Thiele et al91 | 1984 | 1 | left ear pain and discharge | 1 of 1 | penicillin + chloramphenicol + tobramycin + nafcillin | isoniazid + rifampin + ethambutol + ketoconazole + amphotericin B | 0/1 (0%) |
| Skillrud et al60 | 1985 | 1 | dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, shaking chills, nearsyncopal episode | 1 of 1 | cefazolin + cefoxitin + erythromycin + tobramycin + clindamycin | amphotericin B | 1/1 (100%) |
| Unger92 | 1986 | 1 | cough, fever, bloody sputum | 1 of 1 | multiple antibiotics | amphotericin B | 1/1 (100%) |
| MacDonald93 | 1990 | 1 | cough, dyspnea | 1 of 1 | amphotericin B | amphotericin B | 1/1 (100%) |
| Renston et al94 | 1992 | 1 | fever, chills, sweats, cough, pain and swelling of right knee | 1 of 1 | multiple antibiotics + antituberculosis drugs | amphotericin B | 1/1 (100%) |
| Meyer et al6 | 1993 | 10 | cough, chills, fever, dyspnea | 9 of 10 | multiple antibiotics | amphotericin B + ketoconazole + rifampin | 5/10 (50%) |
| Craft59 | 1995 | 1 | fever, cough, chills, hemoptysis, rightsided pleuritic chest pain | 1 of 1 | multiple antibiotics | fluconazole + rifampin + pyrazinamide + amikacin + ethambutol + vancomycin + isoniazid + amphotericin B + itraconazole | 1/1 (100%) |
| Mukkamala et al95 | 1997 | 2 | cough with sputum production, night sweats, weight loss, headache, backache, shortness of breath | 2 of 2 | amphotericin B | amphotericin B | 0/2 (0%) |
| Mundey et al10 | 2001 | 1 | fever, chills, cough without sputum, weakness, diarrhea | 1 of 1 | ampicillin/sulbactam + ceftazidime + gentamicin | azithromycin + amphotericin B | 0/1 (0%) |
| Amini96 | 2007 | 1 | fever, cough | 0 of 1 | piperacillin/tazobactum + levofloxacin | amphotericin B | 0/1 (0%) |
| Gauthier et al48 | 2007 | 6 | fever, cough, skin lesions | 0 of 6 | immunosuppressive agents + antibiotics + antiviral agents | amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole | 2/6 (33%) |
| Watts et al97 | 2007 | 1 | suprapubic pain with inability to urinate, fever, pruritic lesions of arms, face, and trunk, right ankle pain | 1 of 1 | gatifloxacin | vancomycin + piperacillin/tazobactum +ciprofloxacin + amphotericin B | 0/1 (0%) |