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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Aug 19.
Published in final edited form as: Rehabil Psychol. 2009 Aug;54(3):288–298. doi: 10.1037/a0016614

Table 4.

Effects of stressors on Cortisol and mood, as estimated in separate models for CORT, PM, NM and AM outcomes

Models (independent variables)a CORTb Est. (S.E.) PMb Est. (S.E.) NMb Est. (S.E.) AMb Est. (S.E.)
Presence of stress (yes or no)
        Presence of stress NA -0.113 (0.116) 0.160 (0.010) NA
        Group (Non-SCI vs. SCI [referent]) NA -0.407 (0.217) 0.009 (0.176) NA
        Group by presence of stress -0.103 (0.040)1 NS NS -0.381 (0.181)1
Covariance matrixc AR(1)H CS CS CS
Activity-related stress
        Activity-related stress -0.005 (0.016) -0.226 (0.042)3 0.938 (0.227)3 1.543 (0.191)3
        Group (Non-SCI vs. SCI [referent]) 0.025 (0.032) -0.381 (0.197) 0.398 (1.560) -1.173 (0.783)
        Group by activity-related stress NS NS NS NS
Covariance matrixc AR(1)H CS CS CS
Social stress
        Social stress NA -0.186 (0.089)1 -0.240 (0.404) 1.067 (0.382)2
        Group (Non-SCI vs. SCI [referent]) NA -0.532 (0.308) 1.556 (0.795) -1.590 (1.097)
        Group by social stress -0.082 (0.034)1 NS NS NS
Covariance matrixc AR(1)H CS CS CS
Event-related stress (Q4)
        Event-related stress -0.009 (0.015) -0.318 (0.308)3 1.036 (0.206)3 1.211 (0.191)3
        Group (Non-SCI vs. SCI [referent]) 0.016 (0.034) -0.280 (0.193) -0.202 (1.682) -1.816 (0.800)1
        Group by event-related stress NS NS NS NS
Covariance matrixc AR(1)H CS CS CS
a

All models are corrected for beep time; CORT models also were corrected for consumption of food, alcohol or tobacco (not shown); continuous stress predictor variables are standardized (z-scores)

b

Dependent variables; estimates represent the change in outcome variable with one unit change in predictor; estimates are presented in the outcome units (salivary cortisol = μg/dL and mood = z-scores)

c

Covariance matrix (of the outcome variable) with the lowest AIC value are used for estimate values (AR(1)H = autoregressive heterogeneous and CS = compound symmetry)

CORT = cortisol value; PM = positive mood; NM = negative mood; AM = agitated mood

NA = main effects are not reported when there is a significant interaction; NS = non-significant interaction

1

Significance values for F tests; p ≤ 0.05

2

p ≤ 0.01

3

p ≤ 0.0001