Table 2.

Risk factors for the development of postoperative complications related to hip fracture surgery

Patient-related risk factors	Procedure-related risk factors
Advanced age (≥60 years)	Emergency surgery
Impaired sensorium	Operation time ≥ 3 h
Functional dependency	General anesthesia
ASA class ≥ 2	Long-acting neuromuscular blockade use
Weight loss > 10% in previous 6 months
Cigarette smoking
Current respiratory infection or sepsis
Congestive heart failure
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Asthma
Obstructive sleep apnea
Ascites
Albumin level < 35 g/L
Creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dL or BUN ≥ 21 mg/dL

ASA American Society of Anesthesiologist, BUN blood urea nitrogen