Table 1.

Study characteristics^*

Study (PI)	Screening outcomes	Study population description	Study population age ranges	Self-report or chart audit
V. Champion (14)	Mammography	Patients were recruited from one large HMO and general  medicine clinics serving primarily African American  indigent patients in the Midwest	50–85 y	Chart audit
		Women were eligible if they were overdue or had never  received a mammogram
		Participants went on to be randomized to one of the six  groups
B. F. Crabtree (15)	Mammography,  colonoscopy, PSA	Patients were recruited from 25 primary care practices  in New Jersey	≥50 y	Self-report and  chart audit
		Patients were recruited from each practice waiting room
		Baseline of the Supporting Colorectal Cancer Outcomes  through Participatory Enhancements (SCOPE) study
A. Dietrich (16)	Mammography,  barium enema,  home FOBT,  colonoscopy,  sigmoidoscopy,  Papanicolaou test	Women who were overdue for one or more cancer  screening were recruited from community and  migrant health centers in New York City	50–69 y	Chart audit
		Participants were randomized to receive an intervention  or usual care
M. Dignan  (unpublished  data)	Colonoscopy	Primary care practices in rural Kentucky were recruited for  the project and were randomized to early or delayed  intervention. Patients aged 50 y and older with a recent  visit to the practice were selected. At 6- and 18-mo  postintervention, new samples of records were reviewed  at each practice	≥50 y	Chart audit
		Baseline and follow-up data
J. Fenton (17,18)	Mammography, barium  enema, FOBT,  colonoscopy,  sigmoidoscopy, PSA	Subjects were enrolled in Group Health, a Washington  State health plan Enrollees were included if they were eligible for colorectal,  breast, or prostate cancer screening in 2002–2003	50–78 y	Chart audit
R. Hiatt (19,20)	Mammography,  Papanicolaou test	As part of the Breast and Cervical Cancer Intervention  Study (BACCIS), low-income women were recruited  to participate in an intervention to increase breast and  cervical screening to underserved multiethnic populations  in the San Francisco Bay Area	40–75 y	Self-report
		Women were recruited from public health clinics
E. Paskett (6)	Mammography,  Papanicolaou test	From the Robeson Health Care Corporation in Robeson  County, North Carolina, women were randomly  selected to participate in an intervention to improve  breast cancer screening	≥40 y	Self-report
		Women had to be in need of a mammogram
E. Paskett (5)	Papanicolaou test	Participants in the cross-sectional study of Community  Awareness, Resources and Education (CARE)  project were recruited from four regions and 14 health  clinics or private practices in Appalachia, OH	≥18 y	Chart audit
		Women were randomly selected from active participant  lists for recruitment into the study
E. Paskett (3)	Colonoscopy	Minority women in North and South Carolina who were  residents of subsidized housing communities were  targeted in an effort to improve colorectal cancer screening	≥50 y	Self-report
		Eleven cities were grouped into four regions in which a  community-based intervention was implemented
S. Shariff-Marco  (unpublished  data)	Modality and  flexible  sigmoidoscopy	Subjects were enrolled in the 2005 California Health  Interviewer Survey	50–84 y	Self-report
K. Stange (21,22)	Mammography,  colonoscopy,  Papanicolaou  test	Primary care practices were recruited to the Enhancing  Practice Outcomes through Community and Healthcare  Systems (EPOCHS) study, a group-randomized trial to  promote quality management through the delivery of  evidence-based health care	≥18 y	Chart audit
		Practices were recruited from three health-care systems in  northeast Ohio
E. Yano (23)	Colonoscopy	Patient data from the US Department of Veterans Affairs  health-care facilities were reviewed for colorectal  screening outcomes	52–85 y	Chart audit

^*FOBT = fecal occult blood test; PSA = prostate-specific antigen.