Table 1.
Study (PI) | Screening outcomes | Study population description | Study population age ranges | Self-report or chart audit |
V. Champion (14) | Mammography | Patients were recruited from one large HMO and general medicine clinics serving primarily African American indigent patients in the Midwest | 50–85 y | Chart audit |
Women were eligible if they were overdue or had never received a mammogram | ||||
Participants went on to be randomized to one of the six groups | ||||
B. F. Crabtree (15) | Mammography, colonoscopy, PSA | Patients were recruited from 25 primary care practices in New Jersey | ≥50 y | Self-report and chart audit |
Patients were recruited from each practice waiting room | ||||
Baseline of the Supporting Colorectal Cancer Outcomes through Participatory Enhancements (SCOPE) study | ||||
A. Dietrich (16) | Mammography, barium enema, home FOBT, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, Papanicolaou test | Women who were overdue for one or more cancer screening were recruited from community and migrant health centers in New York City | 50–69 y | Chart audit |
Participants were randomized to receive an intervention or usual care | ||||
M. Dignan (unpublished data) | Colonoscopy | Primary care practices in rural Kentucky were recruited for the project and were randomized to early or delayed intervention. Patients aged 50 y and older with a recent visit to the practice were selected. At 6- and 18-mo postintervention, new samples of records were reviewed at each practice | ≥50 y | Chart audit |
Baseline and follow-up data | ||||
J. Fenton (17,18) | Mammography, barium enema, FOBT, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, PSA | Subjects were enrolled in Group Health, a Washington State health plan Enrollees were included if they were eligible for colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer screening in 2002–2003 |
50–78 y | Chart audit |
R. Hiatt (19,20) | Mammography, Papanicolaou test | As part of the Breast and Cervical Cancer Intervention Study (BACCIS), low-income women were recruited to participate in an intervention to increase breast and cervical screening to underserved multiethnic populations in the San Francisco Bay Area | 40–75 y | Self-report |
Women were recruited from public health clinics | ||||
E. Paskett (6) | Mammography, Papanicolaou test | From the Robeson Health Care Corporation in Robeson County, North Carolina, women were randomly selected to participate in an intervention to improve breast cancer screening | ≥40 y | Self-report |
Women had to be in need of a mammogram | ||||
E. Paskett (5) | Papanicolaou test | Participants in the cross-sectional study of Community Awareness, Resources and Education (CARE) project were recruited from four regions and 14 health clinics or private practices in Appalachia, OH | ≥18 y | Chart audit |
Women were randomly selected from active participant lists for recruitment into the study | ||||
E. Paskett (3) | Colonoscopy | Minority women in North and South Carolina who were residents of subsidized housing communities were targeted in an effort to improve colorectal cancer screening | ≥50 y | Self-report |
Eleven cities were grouped into four regions in which a community-based intervention was implemented | ||||
S. Shariff-Marco (unpublished data) | Modality and flexible sigmoidoscopy | Subjects were enrolled in the 2005 California Health Interviewer Survey | 50–84 y | Self-report |
K. Stange (21,22) | Mammography, colonoscopy, Papanicolaou test | Primary care practices were recruited to the Enhancing Practice Outcomes through Community and Healthcare Systems (EPOCHS) study, a group-randomized trial to promote quality management through the delivery of evidence-based health care | ≥18 y | Chart audit |
Practices were recruited from three health-care systems in northeast Ohio | ||||
E. Yano (23) | Colonoscopy | Patient data from the US Department of Veterans Affairs health-care facilities were reviewed for colorectal screening outcomes | 52–85 y | Chart audit |
FOBT = fecal occult blood test; PSA = prostate-specific antigen.