Cocaine (0.1 - 3 mM) produced behavioral sensitization. Planarians pretreated twice with cocaine (0.1, 1, 3 mM) on day 1 (60 min apart) underwent 2 days of withdrawal before being challenged with cocaine (0.1, 1, 3 mM) on day 4 (cocaine/cocaine groups). Control planarians for each respective cocaine concentration were pretreated twice with water on day 1 and then exposed to cocaine (0.1, 1, 3 mM) on day 4 (water/cocaine groups). Data are expressed as mean activity counts ± S.E.M. during 1 min of cocaine exposure on day 4. ***p < 0.001 versus respective water/cocaine group. Insets) Data are expressed as mean activity counts ± S.E.M. in planarians exposed to cocaine (0.1, 1, 3 mM) for 1 min on days 1 (twice) and 4. **p < 0.01 versus day 1 exposure. N = 8 planarians per group.