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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Periodontol 2000. 2010 Oct;54(1):15–44. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00377.x

Table 1.

Gingipains are essential virulence factor of P. gingivalis indispensable for pathological outcome of experimental infection.

Type of study Experimental model Outcome Ref.
Immunization with a peptide domain of Rgp Murine subcutaneous chamber model Immunization confers immunity to P. gingivalis infection (39)
Intradermal immunization with plasmid DNA carrying rgpA Murine skin abscess model Induction of protective immunity to an invasive P. gingivalis W50 challenge (234)
Immunization with RgpA-Kgp complex and repeat motifs in the hemagglutinin-adhesin domain Murine skin abscess model Induction of protective immunity against challenge with invasive and non-invasive strains of P. gingivalis (141)
Immunization with plasmids DNA carrying coding sequence of the Kgp and Rgp catalytic domains Mice intraperitoneal inoculation model Vaccination prevented inflammatory response and prolonged the survival rate of immunized animals (104)
Immunization with RgpA Murine periodontitis model Prevention of P. gingivalis-induced oral bone loss (44)
Immunization with the RgpA-Kgp proteinase-adhesin complex Rat periodontitis model Protection against P. gingivalis colonization and periodontal bone loss (176)
Immunization with wild type P. gingivalis gingipain-deficient mutants and re-infection Murine skin abscess model Protection against re-infection elicited by the wild-type strains devoid of gingipains (232)
Immunization with selected functional gingipain-derived domains including the adhesin binding motifs (ABMs) and the proteases' active sites Murine periodontitis model Protection against periodontal bone loss was associated with ABM2 sequence: EGLATATTFEEDGVA: ABM3: GTPNPNPNPNPNP NPGT; and the active sites sequence (142)
Immunization with plasmid carrying coding sequence of rgpA Murine skin abscess model Reduced lethality in the rgpA DNA vaccine-immunized mice (235)
Immunization with gingipain complexes Murine skin abscess model Immunization with detergent extracted gingipain complex elicited a better protective response than other methods of gingipain extraction (163)
Inoculation with individual gingipain-deficient isogenic mutants in W50 background Murine skin abscess model Gingipain-deficient strains have severely attenuated virulence in the following order: Kgp≫RgpB≥RgpA (140)
Mixed infection of Tannerella forsythia and P. gingivalis strains, including gingipain deficient mutants Murine skin abscess model Gingipains are important in a synergistic effect of mixed infection. (231)
Inoculation with individual gingipain-deficient isogenic P. gingivalis W50 mutants Murine periodontitis model Kgp and RgpB but not RgpA are important for P. gingivalis induced bone loss. The gingipains contribute to the virulence of P. gingivalis in following order: Kgp≥RgpB≫RgpA (161)
Pretreatment of P. gingivalis W50 with Rgp-specific inhibitor Murine subcutaneous chamber model Inactivation of Rgp attenuates virulence (40)
The abdominal and the nasal cavity immunization with rgpA DNA vaccine Murine periodontitis model Immunization via the nasal cavity effectively prevented alveolar bone loos (125)
Inoculation with individual gingipain-deficient isogenic P. gingivalis W50 mutants and pretreatment with Kgp-specific inhibitor Murine abscess model Decreased virulence of Kgp-deficient strain in comparison to the parental strain and a significant reduction in virulence induced by inhibitor pretreatment. (25)
Inoculation of (i) bacteria alone, (ii) simultaneously with inhibitor (leupeptin) and (iii) administration of leupeptin 6 weeks after bacteria inoculation Ligature-induced gingivitis in rats Leupeptin inhibited P. gingivalis-induced gingivitis when leupeptin was administrated 6 weeks after bacteria inoculation (98)
Passive immunization of human subjects Gel containing anti-gingipains egg yolk Abs (IgY-GP) was applied into periodontal pockets IgY-GP treated group had reduced level of P. gingivalis, showed significant reduction in probing depth and decreased bleeding on probing in comparison to the control group (230)